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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Trop. 2013 Dec 31;132:64–74. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.12.013

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Proposed trophic interactions between large or small prawns and adult snails, snail recruits, and snail eggs. Large prawns have negative direct and indirect effects on all snail life stages. On the other hand, small prawns (<2g) are limited in their ability to kill adult snails. A negative effect of juvenile recruit snails on eggs (due to competitive or egg-cannibalistic effects) led to positive indirect effects of small prawns on snail eggs, despite a strong negative effect on snail recruitment.