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. 2014 Dec 31;9(12):e114387. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114387

Figure 1. The effect of tomato ketchup extracts and lycopene (7.5 µM), α-tocopherol (1.4 µM) and ascorbic acid (55 µM) on gene expression of TNF-α (panel A) IL-8 (panel B) and IL-10 (panel C) and the concentration of these cytokines in the medium of the HUVEC after an inflammatory challenge.

Figure 1

For TNF-α, the effect on gene expression showed a significant correlation with the effect on protein production (panel A). A comparable correlation was also seen for IL-8 (panel B), but not for IL-10 (panel C). Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. of 3 triplicates. The effect of the pretreatments was significantly different (P≤0.05) from the control (only the inflammatory challenge), except for the hydrophilic extract on the gene expression of TNF-α, the effect of the hydrophilic extract and ascorbic acid on the IL-10 concentration, and the effect of all the pretreatments on the gene expression of IL10. Mix AOX: the combination of lycopene, α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid; Hydro: hydrophilic tomato ketchup extract; Lipo: lipophilic tomato ketchup extract; Mix extracts: the combination of the hydrophilic and lipophilic tomato ketchup extracts.