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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2014 Sep 1;275:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.045

Figure 3. Behavioral testing.

Figure 3

Behavioral performances shown for place (A) and probe (B) trials for reference memory and reversal trials for cognitive flexibility (C). Xanthohumol treatment was effective in enhancing performance in young mice in reversal probe trials (C). Old mice performed worse than young in probe trials (B) and on Day4 in place trials (A). A significant treatment effect was evident in young mice during reversal probe trials (C). There was no effect of age or treatment on swim speed in place trials (D). * p<.05 for difference between young and old. # p<.0001 for young control vs. young treated. (ANOVA and Fisher’s PLSD). N=12–13. Data = mean +/− SEM. Pr1–4, probe trial number.