Table 1.
Characteristics of women with singleton pregnancies and their newborns by labor and delivery outcomes
| Total (n=2798) | Prolonged stage 1 (n=126) | Prolonged stage 2 (n=93) | Primary cesarean delivery (n=52) | Indicated instrumental delivery (n=211) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | |||||
| Race | |||||
| White | 48.0 | 50.1 | 75.3 | 55.8 | 63.0 |
| Black | 44.9 | 43.4 | 18.3 | 38.5 | 32.7 |
| Puerto Rican | 7.1 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 4.2 |
| Maternal age, years | |||||
| <20 | 24.0 | 36.6 | 34.6 | 15.4 | 27.5 |
| 20–29 | 60.5 | 47.8 | 57.2 | 67.3 | 59.7 |
| ≥30 | 15.5 | 15.6 | 8.2 | 17.3 | 12.8 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | |||||
| <18.5 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 13.8 | 10.8 | 11.1 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 71.6 | 72.3 | 78.3 | 69.2 | 74.5 |
| 25–29.9 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 5.6 | 15.8 | 12.5 |
| ≥30 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 2.0 |
| Nulliparous | 33.9 | 65.7 | 86.7 | 51.9 | 54.0 |
| Married | 80.4 | 81.7 | 82.6 | 82.7 | 80.6 |
| Smoking at study entry | 47.2 | 44.2 | 45.6 | 42.3 | 49.3 |
| Trimester at study enrollment | |||||
| First (<14 weeks) | 27.3 | 28.3 | 35.9 | 28.8 | 33.2 |
| Second (14–26 weeks) | 72.7 | 71.7 | 64.1 | 71.1 | 66.8 |
| Latitude of study site | |||||
| 41–45 degrees North | 47.8 | 42.0 | 73.6 | 50.0 | 62.1 |
| 38–40 degrees North | 43.7 | 50.6 | 23.6 | 48.1 | 34.6 |
| 29–35 degrees North | 8.4 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 3.3 |
| Serum 25(OH)D, nmol/L | 50.3 ± 27.8 | 52.5 ± 26.4 | 59.6 ± 35.8 | 47.5 ± 22.1 | 51.6 ± 27.6 |
| Male infant | 50.5 | 56.1 | 55.6 | 55.8 | 57.3 |
| Gestational age at delivera | 38.5 ± 3.0 | 38.7 ± 2.9 | 39.0 ± 2.9 | 38.7 ± 2.1 | 38.6 ± 3.0 |
| Infant birth weight, ga | 3091 ± 528 | 3083 ± 594 | 3212 ± 471 | 3261 ± 472 | 3103 ± 528 |
Note: All data based on combined results from 5 imputed datasets.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
a
Data presented as mean ± SD.