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. 2014 Dec 18;2014:305931. doi: 10.1155/2014/305931

Table 2.

Summary of case reports identified in literature search.

  Age/sex Terminology Time after mTORi initiation Presenting symptoms Diagnosis IS treatment Action mTORi Outcome
Kidney transplantation
Amigues et al. 2005 [10] 48/M Infiltrative pneumonia 1 month Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and HRCT SRL + TAC + P Disc. Resolved
Bankar et al. 2006 [11] 56/M Interstitial pneumonitis 2 months Dyspnea and cough CXR and HRCT SRL + MMF Disc. Resolved
Calle et al. 2009 [12] 64/F Interstitial pneumonitis 4.5 years Dyspnea CXR, Chest CAT SRL + MPA + steroids Switch to EVR Improved
Chen et al. 2003 [13] 43/F Interstitial pneumonia Within 1 month Cough and hemoptysis CXR and HRCT SRL (adjuvant) + CsA + MMF + MP Disc. Improved
Chhajed et al. 2006 [14] 65/F Pneumonitis 3 months Dyspnea and cough CXR, CT, and TBB SRL + TAC + P Disc. Improved
48/F Pneumonitis 8 months Dyspnea CXR, CT, and TBB SRL + TAC + AZA + P Disc. Resolved
61/M Organizing pneumonia 2 years Dyspnea, cough, fever, and hemoptysis CXR, CT, and TBB SRL + AZA Disc. Resolved
Filippone et al. 2011 [15] 61/M Pneumonitis 6 years Dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain CT, bronchoscopy, and open lung biopsy SRL + MMF + P Disc. Improved
Haydar et al. 2004 [16] 49/M BOOP 18 months Dyspnea and cough CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy SRL + CsA + P Disc. Resolved
54/M Pneumonitis 16 months Dyspnea HRCT and TBB SRL Disc. Resolved
63/M Pneumonitis 7 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and HRCT SRL + AZA + P Disc. Resolved
Huang et al. 2013 [17] 65/F Pneumonitis 17 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy SRL + MMF + TAC + P Disc. Improved
64/F Pneumonitis 2 years Dyspnea and cough CXR and CT SRL + MMF + TAC + P Disc. Improved
Kadikoy et al. 2010 [18] 49/F PAP 3 years Dyspnea and cough CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy SRL + MPA + P Disc. Improved
Kanaan et al. 2008 [19] 64/M Interstitial pneumonitis 2 weeks Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and HRCT SRL Disc. Resolved
Kirby et al. 2012 [20] 31/M Organizing pneumonia — Dyspnea and cough CT and TBB SRL + MPA + CsA + P Disc. Improved
Mingos and Kane 2005 [21] 30/F Interstitial pneumonitis 6 months Dyspnea, cough, fever, and chest pain Noncontrast CT and TBB SRL + P Disc. Resolved
Morath et al. 2007 [22] 61/M Interstitial pneumonitis 6 weeks Dyspnea and fever CXR, CT, and TBB SRL + MP Disc. Improved
67/M Lymphocytic alveolitis 2 weeks Dyspnea and cough CXR, HRCT, and TBB SRL + MMF + MP Disc. Resolved
62/M Interstitial pneumonitis 2 weeks Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and CT SRL + MP Disc. Improved
42/F Interstitial pneumonitis 2 years Dyspnea CXR and CT SRL + TAC + MP Disc. Improved
Nayak et al. 2004 [23] 54/M Pneumonitis 2 months Dyspnea CXR and CT SRL + MMF + P Disc. Resolved
Pedroso et al. 2007 [24] 34/F PAP 2 years Dyspnea, cough, fever, chest and pain CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy SRL + MMF + steroids Disc. Resolved
Pham et al. 2004 [25] 57/F Pulmonary toxicity 2.5 months Dyspnea, chills, and night sweats CXR, HRCT, and wedge biopsy SRL + low-dose TAC + P Disc. Improved
42/F Pulmonary toxicity 2.5 months Dyspnea and fever CXR, HRCT, and TBB SRL + low dose CsA + P Disc. Improved
55/F Pulmonary toxicity 4 months Dyspnea, cough, and hemoptysis CXR, HRCT, and TBB SRL + TAC Disc. Improved
Rehm et al. 2006 [26] 61/M Pneumonitis — Dyspnea, fever, and pulmonary infiltrates CXR, CT, and TBB SRL + AZA + P Switch to EVR Improved
55/F Alveolitis obliterans — Dyspnea and cough Bronchoscopy SRL + MMF Switch to CsA + MPA followed by EVR + MPA Improved
63/M Allergic pneumonitis — Pulmonary symptoms CXR and bronchoscopy SRL + MMF Switch to EVR Improved
51/F Allergic interstitial pneumonitis — Cough and fever TBB SRL + MMF Switch to EVR Improved
65/M Lymphocytic alveolitis — — TBB SRL + MMF Switch to EVR†† Improved
Sajjad et al. 2006 [27] 79/M Interstitial lung disease — Dyspnea, cough, and chills CXR, CT, HRCT, and TBB SRL + P Disc. Improved
Shefet et al. 2004 [28] 51/F Interstitial pneumonitis 11 months Bilateral infiltrates chest X-ray TBB SRL + TAC + P Disc. Improved
Singh et al. 2009 [29] 15/F Pneumonitis 4 years Dyspnea CT, bronchoscopy, and pulmonary biopsy SRL + MMF Disc. Resolved
Ussavarungsi et al. 2012 [30] 53/F Granulomatous pneumonitis 2 months Dyspnea, fever, and hypoxia CXR, CT, and thoracoscopic biopsy SRL + CsA Disc. Improved
Carreño and Gadea 2007 [31] 56/F BOOP 2 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and bronchoscopy EVR No action Resolved
Alexandru et al. 2008 [32] 57/M Pharmacological pneumonitis 3 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR, CT, and lung biopsy EVR + MMF Disc. Improved
Bouvier et al. 2009 [33] 74/M Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 1 year Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR, CT, and TBB EVR Disc. Improved
Kurnatowska et al. 2010 [34] 59/F Interstitial pneumonitis 6 weeks Dyspnea and cough HRCT and TBB EVR + MMF + steroids Disc. Resolved
González et al. 2010 [35] 70/M Interstitial pneumonitis 4 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy EVR + MPA + steroids Disc. Improved
Sułkowska et al. 2012 [36] 30/M Pneumonitis 5 days Dyspnea, fever, sore throat, desaturation, and respiratory insufficiency CXR, HRCT, and TBB EVR + MPA + P Disc. Resolved
Heart transplantation
Chau and Chow 2006 [37] 47/M Pneumonitis 3 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and HRCT SRL + CsA + P Disc. Resolved
Delgado et al. 2006 [38] 58/M Interstitial pneumonitis 3 years Dyspnea and cough CXR and HRCT SRL + CsA + MMF + P Disc. Improved
66/M Interstitial pneumonitis 2 months Cough and respiratory insufficiency CXR and HRCT SRL + MMF + P Disc. Resolved
65/M Interstitial pneumonitis 1.5 year Cough and fever HRCT SRL + MMF + P Disc. Resolved
García-Luque et al. 2008 [39] 70/M Interstitial pneumonitis 2 months Dyspnea, cough, fever, and chest pain CXR and HRCT SRL + MMF Disc. Improved
62/F Interstitial pneumonitis 10 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and HRCT SRL + MMF Disc. Improved
55/M Interstitial pneumonitis 4 months Fever and cough CXR, HRCT SRL + MMF Disc. Improved
Garrean et al. 2005 [40] 64/F Pulmonary toxicity 2 weeks Dyspnea, fever, and hemoptysis CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy SRL + MPA + P — Death
Hamour et al. 2006 [41] 59/M Pneumonitis Progressively during 2 months Dyspnea and fever CXR, HRCT SRL + CsA Disc. Resolved
Manito et al. 2004 [42] 52/M Interstitial pneumonitis 10 days Respiratory distress CXR SRL + MMF + P Dose red. and disc. Death
McWilliams et al. 2003* [43] 32/M Organizing pneumonia/pneumonitis 1 month Dyspnea and lung function restriction CXR, HRCT, and TBB SRL + P Disc. Improved
David et al. 2007 [44] 71/M Bronchiolitis obliterans — Fever and respiratory symptoms HRCT EVR + MMF + P Disc. Improved
Expo´sito et al. 2008 [45] 45/M Organizing pneumonia 4 months Dyspnea, cough, fever, and pleuritic chest pain CXR, CT, and TBB EVR + AZA + P Disc. Improved
66/M Organizing pneumonia 2 months Cough, fever, and pleuritic chest pain CXR and TBB EVR + AZA Disc. Improved
Otton et al. 2009 [46] 32/M Pneumonitis 2 weeks Dyspnea CXR, CT, and bronchoscopy EVR + CsA + MMF + P Disc. Improved
68/M Pneumonitis 3 months Dyspnea and hemoptysis CXR, HRCT, and bronchoscopy EVR + CsA + MMF + P Disc. Improved. Second episode after EVR reinstitution
60/M Pneumonitis 6 months Dyspnea HRCT EVR + AZA + CsA + P Disc. Improved
Liver transplantation
Avitzur et al. 2003 [47] 8/F Interstitial granulomatous pneumonitis + PTLD 9 months Dyspnea CXR, CT, and open lung biopsy SRL with CsA tapering and discontinuation Disc. Improved
De Simone et al. 2007 [48] 62/F Pneumonitis 9 months Dyspnea and fever CXR SRL monotherapy Switch to EVR Resolved
Feagans et al. 2009 [49] 55/M Pulmonary toxicity 8 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR, CT, and lung biopsy SRL + CsA + steroids Disc. Resolved
60/M Pulmonary toxicity 37 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and CT SRL + MPA + P Disc. Improved
Gupte et al. 2007† [50] 2/F Pulmonary toxicity 5 months Dyspnea and cough CXR and HRCT SRL + TAC + P Disc. Improved
9 month/M Pulmonary toxicity 7 months Dyspnea and cough CXR and HRCT SRL + TAC + P Disc. Improved
Howard et al. 2006 [51] 73/F Pulmonary hypersensitivity 2 weeks Dyspnea and cough CXR, CT, and TBB SRL + AZA + P Disc. Resolved
Lennon et al. 2001 [52] 49/M Pneumonitis 5 months Dyspnea and cough CXR and CT SRL + AZA + steroids Disc. Resolved
Pe´rez et al. 2007 [53] 62/M Interstitial pneumonitis 3 months Dyspnea, cough, and fever CXR and CT SRL + MMF + steroids Disc. Resolved
Schrader et al. 2010 [54] 63/F Bronchiolitis obliterans 2 months Dyspnea CT, bronchoscopy, and peripheral lung biopsy EVR + stepwise reduction of CsA + MMF + steroids Disc. Resolved

*Heart-lung transplantation; †Combined small bowel and liver transplantation; ††EVR discontinued due to relapsing allergic pneumonitis.

AZA, azathioprine; BOOP, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia; CAT, computed axial tomography; CsA, cyclosporine; CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest X-ray; Disc., discontinued; EVR, everolimus; HRCT, high resolution computed tomography; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; MPA, mycophenolate; MP, methylprednisolone; mTORi, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; P, prednisolone; PAP, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder; SRL, sirolimus; TAC, tacrolimus; TBB, transbronchial biopsy.