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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2014 Sep 11;24(11):822–830. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.09.003

Table 4.

Anti-depression and anti-anxiety medication use

Overall By Depression Status
Anti-depressive medication use Anti-anxiety medication use Among low depressive CESD <10 Among high depressive CESD ≥10
Subgroup N % (95% CI) % (95% CI) Subgroup N % (95% CI) Subgroup N % (95% CI)
Overall 15586 5.0 (4.5, 5.5) 2.5 (2.1, 3.0) 10983 2.9 (2.5, 3.4) 4603 10.5 (9.4, 11.8)
Hispanic/Latino
Background
 Dominican 1378 5.5 (4.1, 7.3) 2.2 (0.7, 7.2) 983 2.5 (1.4, 4.5) 395 13.4 (9.6, 18.5)
 Central American 1660 2.5 (1.7, 3.6) 1.7 (1.1, 2.7) 1187 2.0 (1.2, 3.1) 473 4.1 (2.3, 7.1)
 Cuban 2243 7.2 (5.9, 8.7) 6.0 (4.7, 7.5) 1536 4.5 (3.3, 6.1) 707 14.0 (11.1, 17.5)
 Mexican 6240 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) 4703 2.1 (1.6, 2.7) 1537 7.5 (5.8, 9.5)
 Puerto Rican 2575 8.3 (7.0, 9.8) 2.8 (2.2, 3.7) 1502 4.5 (3.3, 6.1) 1073 14.4 (12.0, 17.2)
 South American 1016 2.3 (1.4, 3.6) 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) 752 1.1 (0.5, 2.7) 264 6.0 (3.6, 9.8)
 Mixed/Other 474 3.8 (1.6, 8.4) 1.4 (0.6, 3.5) 320 3.6 (1.0, 12.2) 154 4.4 (2.2, 8.7)
Sex
 Male 6266 3.3 (2.7, 4.0) 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) 4806 1.9 (1.4, 2.6) 1363 8.5 (6.8, 10.7)
 Female 9320 6.5 (5.9, 7.3) 3.4 (2.8, 4.2) 5816 4.0 (3.3, 4.8) 3240 11.7 (10.3, 13.3)
Age Group
 18–44 6390 2.4 (2.0, 3.0) 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) 4806 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) 1584 5.2 (4.1, 6.6)
 45–64 7958 7.8 (7.0, 8.7) 3.9 (3.3, 4.6) 5336 4.1 (3.5, 4.8) 2622 15.6 (13.8, 17.6)
 65+ 1238 12.6 (9.8, 16.1) 7.0 (5.2, 9.3) 841 9.2 (6.3, 13.3) 397 20.4 (14.7, 27.4)
Education
 <HS 5931 5.8 (5.0, 6.8) 2.6 (2.1, 3.3) 3886 3.1 (2.5, 4.0) 2045 11.3 (9.5, 13.4)
 HS or equivalent 4036 4.0 (3.3, 4.8) 2.5 (1.6, 3.8) 2900 2.2 (1.7, 3.0) 1136 8.7 (7.0, 10.8)
 >HS 5619 5.0 (4.2, 6.0) 2.5 (2.0, 3.2) 4197 3.2 (2.4, 4.3) 1422 11.2 (9.2, 13.5)
Marital Status
 Single 4284 4.5 (3.7, 5.3) 2.0 (1.5, 2.7) 2928 2.5 (1.9, 3.4) 1356 9.3 (7.6, 11.4)
 Married/Living with a partner 8093 3.8 (3.2, 4.5) 2.4 (1.8, 3.1) 6075 2.3 (1.8, 3.1) 2018 8.6 (7.1, 10.3)
 Divorced 2573 9.4 (7.9, 11.3) 3.7 (2.8, 5.0) 1582 5.5 (4.1, 7.5) 991 16.3 (13.6, 19.5)
 Widowed 636 10.7 (8.1, 14.0) 6.1 (4.0, 9.1) 398 7.7 (5.1, 11.5) 238 16.0 (10.4, 23.8)
Insurance Status
 Insured 7856 8.2 (7.3, 9.2) 3.2 (2.7, 3.9) 5373 4.9 (4.1, 5.9) 2483 16.3 (14.3, 18.4)
 Not insured 7690 1.8 (1.5, 2.2) 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) 5590 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) 2100 4.1 (3.2, 5.1)
History of CVD morbidity
 None 15148 4.6 (4.1, 5.1) 2.4 (2.0, 2.9) 10797 2.8 (2.3, 3.3) 4351 9.6 (8.6, 10.9)
 Revascularization 136 19.5 (11.7, 30.5) 12.0 (6.3, 21.6) 76 15.0 (7.8, 26.9) 60 24.5 (12.9, 41.4)
 MI 464 14.4 (10.8, 18.8) 8.7 (5.9, 12.7) 269 8.6 (5.6, 12.9) 196 22.2 (15.5, 30.8)
 Stroke 182 20.3 (13.6, 29.2) 5.0 (1.6, 14.7) 109 15.5 (8.0, 27.7) 73 28.9 (17.7, 43.3)
 MI or stroke 516 13.5 (10.3, 17.6) 8.8 (6.1, 12.5) 296 8.3 (5.6, 12.3) 220 20.4 (14.4, 28.1)
 ANY CVD 698 15.4 (12.3, 19.2) 7.7 (5.4, 11.0) 405 10.5 (7.3, 14.9) 293 22.5 (16.9, 29.3)
Number of CVD risk factors
 0 3503 1.9 (1.4, 2.4) 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) 2725 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) 778 3.6 (2.5, 5.3)
 1 4859 3.9 (3.2, 4.7) 2.3 (1.8, 2.9) 3475 2.6 (1.9, 3.6) 1384 7.4 (6.0, 9.2)
 2 4094 5.8 (4.9, 7.0) 3.0 (2.1, 4.4) 2861 3.5 (2.7, 4.5) 1233 11.7 (9.2, 14.8)
 3 2285 8.3 (6.9, 10.0) 3.8 (2.9, 5.1) 1492 4.5 (3.3, 6.1) 793 16.3 (13.3, 19.8)
 4 948 1.9 (10.9, 17.5) 4.9 (3.5, 7.0) 564 8.4 (5.4, 12.9) 384 21.7 (16.1 (28.6)
 5 106 25.3 (15.7, 38.3) 10.5 (4.6, 22.4) 51 22.1 (8.8, 45.3) 55 28.3 (16.0, 45.0)

All estimates, except n, account for probability sampling.

CVD risk factor counts include smoking status, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Diabetes is defined as fasting glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL, or non-fasting glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1C greater than or equal to 6.5%, or use of current diabetes medication.

Hypertension is defined as systolic or diastolic blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg or use of current antihypertensive medications.

Dyslipidemia is defined as LDL cholesterol greater than or equal to 160 mg/dL, or HDL cholesterol less than or equal to 40 mg/dL, or triglycerides greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL.

Obesity is defined as BMI greater than or equal to 30.