TABLE 4.

Serum 25(OH)D Status (ng/mL) at Baseline and Change to 3 and 12 Months, Predicting HIV Immune Markers for Total Sample

		3 Mo Outcomes			12 Mo Outcomes
Variable	Predictor	Coefficient*	SE	P-value	Coefficient	SE	P-value
RNA (log10)† (all)	25(OH)D baseline	0.00	0.01	NS	−0.01	0.01	NS
	Δ 25(OH)D	−0.02	0.01	0.013	−0.02	0.01	0.045
RNA (log10)‡ (detectable)	25(OH)D baseline	0.01	0.02	NS	−0.01	0.05	NS
	Δ 25(OH)D	−0.05	0.02	0.014	−0.06	0.05	NS
CD4%§	25(OH)D baseline	0.18	0.10	0.077	0.16	0.12	NS
	Δ 25(OH)D	0.13	0.06	0.037	0.07	0.06	NS
NK%§	25(OH)D baseline	−0.13	0.07	0.047	−0.19	0.09	0.037
	Δ 25(OH)D	−0.08	0.04	0.047	−0.04	0.05	NS
HLA-DR%§	25(OH)D baseline	−0.38	0.19	0.050	−0.44	0.21	0.044
	Δ 25(OH)D	−0.22	0.12	0.075	−0.19	0.11	0.082
Th naïve%¶	25(OH)D baseline	0.03	0.14	NS	−0.02	0.14	NS
	Δ 25(OH)D	0.19	0.08	0.026	0.03	0.07	NS

Abbreviations: HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Δ 25(OH)D, change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D; NS, not significant.

Definitions: CD4%, T helper cells %, CD45⁺/CD3⁺/CD4⁺; HLA-DR%, activated cytotoxic T cells %, CD3⁺/CD8⁺/CD38⁺; NK%, NK (natural killer) cells, CD45⁺/CD3⁻/CD16⁺CD56⁺; Th naïve%, naïve T helper cells %, CD3⁺/CD4⁺/CD45RA⁺/CD62L⁺.

^*Covariates included in all models were immune status at baseline, age, African-American, baseline HAART use, and change in HAART use during the study. For RNA (log₁₀) (all), levels that were not detectable were set to the limit of detection (LOD) as LOD/√2. All overall models were significant at P < 0.001, with the exception of RNA (log₁₀) (detectable only) at 12 mo which was not significant.

^†Sample sizes for baseline and 12 months, respectively: n = 54 and 47, RNA (log₁₀) (all);

^‡n = 23 and 19, RNA (log₁₀) (detectable at baseline only);

^§n = 57 and 50, CD4%, NK%, HLA-DR%;

^¶n = 56 and 50, Th naïve%.