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Effects of propranolol or naloxone on spinal reflex bladder activity induced by acetic acid irritation. A–C: propranolol's effects on contraction amplitude and bladder capacity (n = 5 cats). D–F: naloxone's effects on contraction amplitude and bladder capacity (n = 5 cats). The downward arrow on CMG traces in A and D indicates where the bladder capacity is measured. *Significant (P = 0.0019) difference (paired Student's t-test). Note: Parts A–C and D–F were from different cats.
