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. 2014 Dec 17;4(12):140178. doi: 10.1098/rsob.140178

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© 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 3. — Signal transduction downstream of RIP2. (a) MEKK4 and RIP2 form a complex preventing RIP2 ubiquitination. (b) In the presence of MDP, the MEKK4 : RIP2 complex dissociates and a NOD2 : RIP2 complex is able to form. (c) RIP2 is then ubiquitinated, leading to the recruitment of TAK1. (d) The IKK complex is recruited to RIP2 and IKKγ is ubiquitinated by TAK1. (e) IKKγ is then degraded by the proteasome, relieving inhibition of IKKα/β. (f) IKKα/β phosphorylates IκBα which subsequently releases p65 (g), which then enters the nucleus to enhance transcription of inflammatory cytokines.