Table 1.
NOD2 binding partners. Where the effects of NOD1 and NOD2 differ, the row is split.
| protein name | binds | interaction localization | binding domain | effect of interaction | linked to disease? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAMP | binds NOD1 weakly [10] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [10] | |||
| binds NOD2 [10] | cytoplasm, plasma membrane [10] | NACHT, CARDs [10] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [10] | ||
| ATG16L1 | binds NOD1 [7,11] | plasma membrane, bacterial entry sites [7] | CARD [11] | promotes autophagy [7] | Crohn's disesase [5] |
| BINDS NOD2 [7,11,12] | plasma membrane, bacterial entry sites [7] | CARDa [12]; Tandem CARDs [11] | promotes autophagy [7] | ||
| β-PIX | binds NOD2 [13] | plasma membrane [13] | membrane recruitment, inhibits IL-8 production [13] | ||
| Beclin | binds NOD2 [14] | ||||
| BID | binds NOD1 [15]; binds NOD2 [15] | enhances NF-κB and ERK signalling [15] | |||
| CAD | binds NOD1 [16] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [16] | |||
| binds NOD2 [16] | CARDs [16] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [16] | |||
| CARD8 | binds NOD2 [17] | cytoplasm [17] | NACHT [17] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [17] | Crohn's disease [18] |
| CARD9 | binds NOD2 [8] | CARD–NACHT linker, NACHT [9] | enhances p38 signalling [8] | Crohn's disease [6] | |
| Caspase-1 | binds NOD1 [19] | CARD [19] | enhances IL-1β secretion [19] | ||
| binds NOD2 [20] | Tandem CARDs [20] | enhances IL-1β secretion [20] | |||
| CD147 | binds NOD2 [21] | plasma membrane [21] | Tandem CARDs [21] | inhibits NF-κB and IL-8 signalling [21] | |
| Centaurin-β1 | binds NOD1 [22]; binds NOD2 [22] | cytoplasm [22] | inhibits NF-κB [22] | ||
| DUOX2 | binds NOD2 [23] | cytoplasm, membrane [23] | LRR [23] | enhances NF-κB [23] | |
| Erbin | does not bind NOD1 [24,25] | ||||
| binds NOD2 [24,25] | plasma membrane [24,25] | CARDs [24] | inhibits NF-κB [24] | ||
| FRMPD2 | binds NOD2 [26] | plasma membrane [26] | LRR [26] | membrane recruitment, enhances NF-κB [26] | |
| GRIM-19 | binds NOD2 [27] | intracellular vesicles [27] | enhances NF-κB [27] | ||
| does not bind NOD1 [27] | |||||
| HSP70 | binds NOD2 [28] | promotes NOD2 stability; enhances NF-κB signalling [28] | |||
| HSP90 | binds NOD1 [29,30] | promotes NOD1 stability [29] | |||
| binds NOD2 [30,31] | CARDs [31] | stabilizes NOD2, required for NF-κB signalling [31] | |||
| JNKBP1 | does not bind NOD1 [32] | ||||
| binds NOD2 [32] | CARDa, LRRs [32] | inhibits NF-κB and IL-8 signalling [32] | |||
| MAVS | does not bind NOD1 [33] | ||||
| binds NOD2 [33] | mitochondria [33] | NACHT-LRR [33] | antiviral defence [33] | ||
| NIK | binds NOD2 [34] | NACHT-LRR [34] | enhances non-canonical NF-κB signalling [34] | ||
| NLRC4 | binds NOD1 [35] | NACHT [35] | inhibits NF-κB [35] | ||
| binds NOD2 [36,35] | CARD [36], NACHT [35] | inhibits NF-κB [35] | |||
| NLRP1 | binds NOD2 [20,37] | CARDs [37] | enhances IL-1β secretion [20] | Crohn's disease [38] | |
| NLRP3 | binds NOD2 [37] | CARDs [37] | Crohn's disease [38] | ||
| NLRP12 | binds NOD2 [37] | CARDs [37] | |||
| OAS2 | binds NOD2 [39] | enhances RNase-L function [39] | |||
| Rac1 | binds NOD2 [13,40] | plasma membrane [13,40] | CARDS, LRR [40] | membrane recruitment [13,40] | |
| RIG-I | binds NOD2 [41] | membrane ruffles [41] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [41] | ||
| RIP2 | binds NOD1 [19] | CARD [19] | required for NF-κB signalling [42] | ||
| binds NOD2 [1] | plasma membrane [43] | CARDs [1] | required for NF-κB signalling [42] | ||
| SGT1 | binds NOD1 [44,30] | LRR [44] | enhances NF-κB and JNK signalling [44] | ||
| binds NOD2 [44,30] | no effect on NF-κB or JNK signalling [44] | ||||
| SLC15A3/4 | binds NOD2 [45] | endosomal membrane [45] | enhances NF-κB signalling [45] | ||
| SOCS-3 | binds NOD2 [31] | CARDs [31] | NOD2 degradation [31] | ||
| SSH1 | binds both NOD1 and NOD2 [46] | actin complexes | regulation of NOD1 signalling [46] | ||
| TLE1 | binds NOD2 [47] | perinuclear cytosol [47] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [47] | Crohn's disease [47] | |
| TRAF4 | binds NOD1 [48] | ||||
| binds NOD2 [48] | residues 260–301 [48] | inhibits NF-κB signalling [48] | |||
| TRIM27 | Does not bind NOD1 [49] | ||||
| Binds NOD2 [49] | nucleus [49] | NACHT [49] | NOD2 degradation [49] |