FIGURE 4.

Rg5 induces angiogenesis through the activation of the multiple angiogenic signaling pathways. A, HUVECs were treated with Rg5 (20 μm) for the indicated time periods. Phosphorylation of angiogenic signal mediators was determined by immunoblotting. B, HUVECs were treated with Rg5 (20 μm) or in combination with l-NAME (1 mm) for 1 h. The intracellular levels of NO were assessed by confocal microscopy using DAF-FM and evaluated quantitatively (n = 3). **, p < 0.01. C, HUVECs were treated with Rg5 (20 μm) in the presence or absence of PD98059 (PD) (25 μm), LY294002 (LY) (20 μm), and PP2 (PP) (10 μm) for 30 min, and phosphorylation of target proteins was determined by immunoblotting. D, HUVECs were treated with Rg5 (20 μm) in the presence or absence of the indicated inhibitors, and cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation were determined (n = 3). *, p < 0.05, and **, p < 0.01 versus Rg5 alone.