Opioids |
Codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, pentazocine, propoxyphene, tramadol, fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, butorphanol, oxymorphone, levorphanol, methadone |
Other analgesic medications |
Acetaminophen and combinations, aspirin and combinations |
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
Ibuprofen and combinations, naproxen and combinations, indomethacin, diclofenac, nabumetone, etodolac, meloxicam, sulindac, piroxicam, oxaprozin, ketoprofen, tolmetin, ketorolac tromethamine, celecoxib, valdecoxib, diflunisal |
Anticonvulsants |
Gabapentin, pregabalin |
Lidoderm |
Lidocaine patch 5% |
Other topical anesthetic |
Capsaicin (topical) |
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) |
Duloxetine |
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) |
Amitriptyline and combinations, desipramine, nortriptyline doxepin, imipramine |