Table 1.
Summary of Studies Reporting HSV-2 Incidence Among Women in Africa
| Citation and Study Setting | Median Age (Range) | % HIV Positive | Baseline HSV-2 Prevalence (Number Enrolled) | HSV-2 Incidence/100 Person-Years (Number Susceptible) | % Eligible Who Enrolled | % of Person-Years Completed (or % of Follow-Up Visits Completed | Study Design and Objective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown et al [17], women seeking reproductive services in UG and ZW | UG: 23 (20–26) | 0% | UG: 51.5% (2235) | UG: 9.6 (1084) | UNK | 91% | Prospective cohort study of HSV-2 infection as a risk factor for HIV acquisition |
| ZW: 24 (21–27) | ZW: 53.2% (2296) | ZW: 8.8 (1075) | |||||
| Chohan et al [18], women sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya | 23 (20–26) | 0% | 79.9% (1506) | 23.0 (297) | UNK | UNK | Prospective cohort for HSV-2 incidence |
| De Bruyn et al [20], sexually active women in Harare, ZW; Durban and Johannesburg South Africa | *21 (18–49) | 0% | 58.9% (4904) | 6.8 (2016) | UNK | 77% | Randomized open-label trial of vaginal diaphragm and lubricant gel in addition to male condoms to prevent HSV-2 acquisition |
| Jewkes et al [22], randomized villages in Mthatha, South Africa | *18 (15–26) | 11.2% | 29.2% (1416) | 6.48 (1009) | UNK | 75% | Cluster randomized trial of an educational intervention to prevent HIV and HSV-2 |
| Kamali et al [24], adult residents in 15 villages in Southwest UG | *27 (15–54) | †4.9% | 71.5% (541) | 12.3 (154) | †80% | †60% | Retrospective cohort study measuring HSV-2 prevalence and incidence |
| Kamali et al [25], 18 rural communities in Masaka, UG | *†18 (13–29) | †10% | 38% (3818) | †3.1 (2379) | †71% | †75% | Randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent HIV transmission |
| Kebede et al [26], factory workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | 33 (19–46) | †40.1% | 59.5% (407) | 3.7 (165) | UNK | 86% | Prospective cohort examining risk factors for HIV acquisition and disease progression |
| Munjoma et al [29], pregnant women in Harare, ZW | 23 (20–28) | 24.7% | 49.1% (340) | 13.9 (173) | 99% | 97% | Prospective cohort study examining HSV-2 prevalence and incidence in pregnant and postpartum women |
| Okuku et al [31], adult sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya | 26 (22–31) | 0% | 50.8% (469) | 22.1 (248) | UNK | 77% | Prospective cohort study examining risk factors for HSV-2 acquisition in HIV-1 seronegative sex workers |
| Riedner et al [32], female bar workers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania. | *27 (16–39) | 68% | 86.8% (600) | 17.3 (79) | UNK | UNK | Prospective cohort study examining trends in STI prevalence and HIV incidence in bar workers |
| Tassiopoulos et al [35], female bar and hotel workers in Moshia, Tanzania | *27 (14–64) | 19% | 56.3% (1045) | 14.2 (457) | UNK | 79% | Ancillary study of HSV-2 acquisition within a prospective cohort examining risk factors for HIV acquisition |
| Tobian et al [37], HIV and HSV-2 negative women in Rakai, UG | *23 (15–49) | 0% | 54.8% (1638) | 6.2 (740) | 69% | 87.6% | Ancillary study of transmission of HSV-2 to female partners within a randomized trial of male circumcision to prevent HIV acquisition |
| Vallely et al [39], women working in restaurants, bars and guesthouses in Mwanza City, Tanzania | *30 (20–35+) | 26.5% | 69% (1020) | 12.7 (316) | 63% | 68.4% | Feasibility study of enrollment, retention, STI prevalence, and incidence, for future microbicide trials |
| Wagner et al [43], adults from 2 neighboring villages in UG | *34 (15–49) | †7.8% | 74.4% (168) | 21.1 (19) | UNK | 56% | Retrospective cohort examining STIs among retained participant subset within larger prospective cohort |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; STI, sexually transmitted infection; UG, Uganda; UNK, unknown; ZW, Zimbabwe.
* Estimated age from range. Study citations in bold indicate high-risk populations.
† Indicates a measure assessed on men and women combined.