Table 2.
Bi- and Multivariable Linear Regression of BMI Changes During Year 0–1 and Years 1–4 of ART Among 1601 SHCS Participants Who Started a First ART Regimen After January 1, 1998
| Covariables | Year 0-1 of ART |
Years 1–4 of ART |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient Bivariable models (95% CI)a | P Value | Coefficient Multivariable Models (95% CI)b | P Value | Coefficient Bivariable Models (95% CI)c | P Value | Coefficient Multivariable Models (95% CI)b | P Value | |
| Baseline BMId | −0.09 (−.11 to .07) | <.001 | −0.09 (−.11 to −.06) | <.001 | −0.02 (−.03 to −0.01) | <.001 | −0.01 (−.02 to −.00) | .002 |
| Delta BMI change, first year of ART | – | – | – | – | −0.05 (−.07 to −.03) | <.001 | −0.06 (−.07 to −.04) | <.001 |
| HIV transmission group | ||||||||
| MSM | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Het male | 0.46 (.24 to .68) | <.001 | 0.20 (−.02 to .42) | .07 | 0.06 (−.02 to 0.13) | .14 | 0.02 (−.05 to .10) | .53 |
| Het female | 0.18 (−.06 to .41) | .14 | 0.07 (−.18 to .32) | .58 | 0.05 (−.03 to .13) | .24 | −0.03 (−.11 to .06) | .52 |
| Age per 10 yearse | 0.25 (.16 to .34) | <.001 | 0.15 (.06 to .24) | .002 | 0.01 (−.02 to .04) | .35 | 0.02 (−.01 to .05) | .14 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Black | 0.04 (−.25 to .33) | .80 | −0.05 (−.36 to .26) | .74 | 0.26 (.16 to .35) | <.001 | 0.28 (.16 to .37) | <.001 |
| Asian | −0.60 (−1.0 to −.18) | .005 | −0.79 (−1.2 to −.39) | <.001 | −0.01 (−.15 to .13) | .87 | 0.01 (−.13 to .15) | .88 |
| Other | −0.44 (−.93 to .05) | .08 | −0.25 (−.71 to .21) | .29 | −0.01 (−.17 to .15) | .90 | −0.03 (−.19 to .13) | .71 |
| CD4 nadir | ||||||||
| 0–99 cells/µL | 1.73 (1.45 to 2.02) | <.001 | 1.64 (1.4 to 1.9) | <.001 | 0.40 (.14 to .66) | .002 | 0.44 (.19 to .70) | .001 |
| 100–199 cells/µL | 0.50 (.24 to .76) | <.001 | 0.46 (.19 to .72) | .001 | −0.04 (−.16 to .07) | .44 | 0.05 (−.07 to .17) | .40 |
| 200–349 cells/µL | −0.00 (−.21 to .21) | .99 | −0.02 (−.23 to .19) | .82 | 0.04 (−.03 to .11) | .28 | 0.07 (−.00 to .14) | .05 |
| ≥350 cells/µL | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Smoking, ever | −0.46 (−.65 to −.27) | <.001 | −0.29 (−.47 to −.11) | .002 | −0.04 (−.10 to .02) | .20 | – | – |
| Smoking cessation | −0.11 (−.78 to .56) | .75 | – | – | 0.15 (.03 to .26) | .01 | 0.16 (.04 to .27) | .006 |
| HCV coinfection | −0.73 (−1.5 to .06) | .07 | – | – | −0.26 (−.46 to −0.06) | .01 | – | – |
| Peginf | 0.56 (−3.1 to 4.2) | .76 | – | – | −0.72 (−1.1 to −.37) | <.001 | –0.71 (−1.0 to −.37) | <.001 |
| Most frequent ART regimens | ||||||||
| TDF, xTC, EFV | 1 | − | 1 | − | 1 | − | 1 | − |
| ABC, xTC, EFV | 0.27 (−.20 to .75) | .26 | 0.21 (−.23 to .64) | .35 | −0.01 (−.16 to .15) | .95 | −0.01 (−.16 to .14) | .89 |
| ABC, xTC, LPV | 0.51 (−0.05 to 1.1) | .08 | 0.22 (−.30 to .74) | .41 | 0.14 (−.07 to .35) | .21 | 0.15 (−.06 to .36) | .16 |
| ABC, xTC, ATV, RTV | 0.15 (−0.50 to .80) | .66 | 0.19 (−.41 to .79) | .53 | 0.16 (−.04 to .36) | .11 | 0.14 (−.05 to .33) | .16 |
| AZT, xTC, EFV | 0.04 (−.30 to .39) | .81 | −0.13 (−.45 to .20) | .44 | −0.16 (−.28 to −.04) | .01 | −0.17 (−.29 to −.05) | .006 |
| AZT, xTC, LPV | 0.54 (.19 to .89) | .003 | 0.29 (−.04 to .62) | .08 | −0.16 (−.30 to −.02) | .03 | −0.12 (−.25 to .02) | .09 |
| AZT, xTC, NFV | 0.27 (−.27 to .80) | .33 | −0.09 (−.59 to .41) | .73 | −0.25 (−.46 to −.03) | .02 | −0.22 (−.43 to −.01) | .04 |
| TDF, xTC, LPV | 0.45 (.10 to .80) | .01 | 0.30 (−.03 to .62) | .08 | 0.08 (−.07 to .23) | .30 | 0.06 (−.08 to .21) | .38 |
| TDF, xTC, NVP | −0.09 (−.60 to .42) | .73 | 0.06 (−.42 to .54) | .81 | 0.00 (−.14 to .14) | .97 | 0.03 (−.10 to .16) | .65 |
| TDF, xTC, ATV, RTV | 0.04 (−.30 to .39) | .80 | 0.12 (−.20 to .44) | .45 | 0.01 (−.11 to .13) | .89 | 0.06 (−.05 to .17) | .30 |
| Otherf | 0.27 (−.01 to .55) | .06 | 0.14 (−.12 to .40) | .29 | −0.06 (−.14 to .03) | .17 | −0.04 (−.12 to .04) | .36 |
Abbreviations: ABC, abacavir; ART, antiretroviral therapy; ATV, atazanavir; AZT, zidovudine; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; EFV, efavirenz; HCV, hepatitis C virus; Het, heterosexual; LPV, lopinavir; NFV, nelfinavir; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NVP, nevirapine; Other, patients with no backbone or no third drug for 50% of the time or patients with 3 class regimens; Peginf, pegylated interferon; RAL, raltegravir; RTV, ritonavir; SHCS, Swiss HIV Cohort Study; TDF, tenofovir; xTC, lamivudine or emtricitabine.
a All covariables of the bivariable model were adjusted for baseline BMI.
b Multivariable models were adjusted for all variables listed.
c All covariables of the bivariable model were adjusted for BMI after 1 year of ART.
d Baseline BMI at start of ART and BMI after 1 year of ART, respectively.
e Age at baseline (January 1, 1998 or at registration in the SHCS, whichever is the later) and after 1 year of ART.
f Contains all ART regimens with <50 person-years of exposure.