Table 2.

Tscherne classification scheme for open fractures

Grade	Soft Tissue Damage	Mechanism of Injury	Associated Contamination	Other Considerations
Grade 1	Minimal	Indirect trauma	Minimal	Small puncture wound without skin contusion
Grade 2	Moderate	Direct trauma	Moderate	Small skin and soft tissue contusions
Grade 3	Extensive	Farming accidents, gunshot wounds, and compartment syndrome	Extensive	Arterial and/or neural injuries
Grade 4	Extensive	Subtotal and total amputation	Extensive

Adapted from Rüedi and Murphy¹⁰ and Moore D (www.orthobullets.com/trauma/1002/tscherne-classification).