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. 2013 Jul 31;14(14):3209–3214. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201300606

Scheme 1.

image

Protonation of the inner pyrrolenic nitrogen atoms and of two sulphonic groups at low pH (100 mm HCl) leads to an intermediate I which self‐assembles forming aggregates in water. At pH<1 all four sulphonic groups are protonated.7k Numbers indicate absorption maxima in nm.