Table 2.
Results of meta-analysis of trials with low risk of bias
| Outcome or subgroup | Studies | Participants | Effect estimates* |
|---|---|---|---|
| High blood pressure | 2 | 219 | 0.42 (0.20–0.87) |
| Calcium supplementation alone | 1 | 171 | 0.60 (0.25–1.46) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 1 | 48 | 0.20 (0.05–0.82) |
| Pre-eclampsia | 4 | 365 | 0.25 (0.12–0.50) |
| Calcium supplementation alone | 1 | 171 | 0.30 (0.06–1.30) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 2 | 134 | 0.23 (0.09–0.60) |
| Calcium plus antioxidants | 1 | 60 | 0.24 (0.06–1.01) |
| Caesarean section | 2 | 134 | 0.55 (0.34–0.86) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 2 | 134 | 0.55 (0.34–0.86) |
| Severe pre-eclampsia | 2 | 146 | 0.34 (0.10–1.21) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 1 | 86 | 0.33 (0.07–1.56) |
| Calcium plus antioxidants | 1 | 60 | 0.36 (0.04–3.23) |
| Preterm birth | 2 | 108 | 0.41 (0.08–2.05) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 1 | 48 | 0.50 (0.05–5.15) |
| Calcium plus antioxidants | 1 | 60 | 0.36 (0.04–3.23) |
| Birthweight <2500 g | 2 | 134 | 0.20 (0.05–0.88) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 2 | 134 | 0.20 (0.05–0.88) |
| Neonate small for gestational age | 3 | 194 | 0.38 (0.10–1.38) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 2 | 134 | 0.29 (0.06–1.32) |
| Calcium plus antioxidants | 1 | 60 | 1.07 (0.07–16.31) |
| Stillbirth or death before discharge | 4 | 365 | 0.61 (0.15–2.53) |
| Calcium supplementation alone | 1 | 171 | 1.04 (0.07–16.29) |
| Calcium plus linoleic acid | 2 | 134 | 0.60 (0.08–4.41) |
| Calcium plus antioxidants | 1 | 60 | 0.36 (0.02–8.39) |
| Miscarriage (not prespecified) | 1 | 60 | 0.06 (0.00–1.04) |
| Calcium plus antioxidants | 0.06 (0.00–1.04) |
Low-dose calcium supplementation (<1 g/day) with or without co-supplements.
*
Effect estimates expressed as risk ratio (95% CI), Mantel–Haenszel method, fixed effects model.