Table 2.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Over Time (New Zealand and Australia Combined)
| Baseline | 4 Months | 12 Months | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention, n/N (%) | Usual care, n/N (%) | Intervention, n/N (%) | Usual care, n/N (%) | Intervention, n/N (%) | Usual care, n/N (%) | |
| Full smoking ban in home | 136/145 (94) | 141/148 (95) | 125/134 (93) | 123/132 (93) | 117/126 (94) | 120/128 (95) |
| Smoking ban in car | 140/145 (97) | 143/148 (97) | 130/134 (97) | 129/132 (98) | 119/126 (95) | 123/128 (97) |
| Mother is current smoker | 105/145 (72) | 88/148 (60) | 94/134 (70) | 78/132 (59) | 83/126 (66) | 70/128 (55) |
| Mother smokes ≤20 per day | 92/105 (88) | 83/88 (94) | 87/94 (93) | 74/78 (95) | 73/83 (88) | 64/70 (91) |
| Partner is current smokera | 83/116 (72) | 81/122 (66) | 75/109 (69) | 72/108 (67) | 59/99 (60) | 72/109 (66) |
| Infant is breast fedb | 114/145 (79) | 120/148 (81) | 83/134 (62) | 87/132 (66) | 34/126 (27) | 34/128 (27) |
| Members of the household smoke inside | 13/145 (9) | 11/148 (7) | 10/134 (8) | 13/132 (10) | 10/126 (8) | 7/128 (5) |
| In last seven days, infant has been cared for in another place where people smokec | 16/145 (11) | 26/148 (18) | 10/134 (8) | 11/132 (8) | 13/126 (10) | 10/128 (8) |
| In last seven days, infant has been around tobacco smokec, d | 17/145 (12) | 20/148 (14) | 14/134 (10) | 10/132 (8) | 23/126 (18) | 15/128 (12) |
| In last seven days, infant has been near (within arm’s length) of an open fire for cooking or heating or camp firec | 5/145 (3) | 6/148 (4) | 11/134 (8) | 5/132 (4) | 2/126 (2) | 7/128 (5) |
| In last seven days, infant has been near (within arm’s length) of people smoking cannabisc | 0/145 (0) | 3/148 (2) | 3/134 (2) | 1/132 (1) | 0/126 (0) | 1/128 (1) |
| Geometric mean cotinine/creatinine ratio (ng/mg)e | 157.6 | 112.2 | 84.8 | 47.5 | 25.0 | 21.8 |
aIn those mothers with partners.
bDefined as breast fed exclusively, fully, or partially.
cDefined as number of infants with ≥1 day of exposure.
dDefined as in the same room with someone that is smoking, in a car with someone smoking, or sitting outside within arm’s length of someone who is smoking—includes when holding the infant.
eReadings of ≥30ng/mg indicate secondhand smoke exposure.