Table 2.
Rate ratios for pancreatic cancer in studies included in systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on blood glucose concentration and rate of pancreatic cancer
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | No of cases/total or person years (PY) | Rate ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Gapstur, 200021 | ||
| <5.1* | 30/379 686 PY | 1 |
| 5.1-5.9* | 55/265 062 PY | 1.65 (1.05 to 2.60) |
| 6.0-6.9* | 31/116 475 PY | 1.60 (0.95 to 2.70) |
| ≥7.0* | 23/52 731 PY | 2.15 (1.22 to 3.80) |
| Batty, 200422 | ||
| Men: | ||
| <5.6* | 102/16 843 | 1 |
| 5.6-6.9* | 8/975 | 1.35 (0.66 to 2.80) |
| ≥7.0* | 4/188 | 3.99 (1.44 to 11.0) |
| Stolzenberg-Solomon, 200520 | ||
| Men: | ||
| <5.2 | 34/133 | 1 |
| 5.2-5.4 | 37/137 | 1.15 (0.66 to 2.02) |
| 5.5-5.9 | 48/150 | 1.49 (0.86 to 2.59) |
| >5.9 | 50/149 | 1.69 (0.97 to 2.94) |
| Jee, 200525 | ||
| Men: | ||
| <5.0 | 59/429 370† | 1 |
| 5.0-6.0 | 43/304 362† | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.24) |
| 6.1-6.9 | 10/58 020† | 1.34 (1.09 to 1.64) |
| 7.0-7.7 | 2/11 459† | 1.37 (0.94 to 2.00) |
| ≥7.8 | 8/26 559† | 2.09 (1.70 to 2.58) |
| Women: | ||
| <5.00 | 20/270 157† | 1 |
| 5.0-6.0 | 15/157 940† | 1.27 (1.03 to 1.57) |
| 6.1-6.9 | 3/22 578† | 1.39 (0.96 to 2.02) |
| 7.0-7.7 | 1/5657† | 1.99 (1.13 to 3.49) |
| ≥7.8 | 2/12 283† | 1.67 (1.09 to 2.56) |
| Ansary-Moghaddam, 2006‡19 | ||
| <5.2 | 28/125 855 | 1 |
| 5.2-5.8 | 28/41 118 | 1.79 (1.03 to 3.10) |
| >5.8 | 29/27 041 | 2.08 (1.18 to 3.67) |
| Inoue, 200923 | ||
| Men: | ||
| <5.6 | 20/73 285 PY | 1 |
| >5.6 | 4/21 687 PY | 0.74 (0.24 to 2.22) |
| Women: | ||
| <5.6 | 35/165 838 PY | 1 |
| >5.6 | 6/22 683 PY | 1.00 (0.42 to 2.39) |
| Johansen, 2010§26 | ||
| Mean (SD) men: | ||
| 4.2 (0.5) | 102/772 727 PY¶ | 1 |
| 4.8 (0.3) | 81/743 119 PY¶ | 0.81 (0.60 to 1.08) |
| 5.1 (0.3) | 121/751 553 PY¶ | 1.14 (0.88 to 1.49) |
| 5.6 (0.3) | 101/711 268 PY¶ | 1.01 (0.76 to 1.34) |
| 6.9 (2.0) | 138/718 750 PY¶ | 1.24 (0.95 to 1.61) |
| Mean (SD) women: | ||
| 4.1 (0.6) | 34/666 667 PY¶ | 1 |
| 4.8 (0.4) | 51/680 000 PY¶ | 1.36 (0.88 to 2.09) |
| 5.0 (0.4) | 49/628 205 PY¶ | 1.32 (0.85 to 2.05) |
| 5.4 (0.4) | 73/669 725 PY¶ | 1.79 (1.19 to 2.70) |
| 7.1 (3.3) | 106/612 717 PY¶ | 2.39 (1.61 to 3.54) |
| Grote, 201124 | ||
| 4.3-5.3** | 72/173 | 1 |
| 5.4-5.8** | 131/282 | 1.27 (0.84 to 1.93) |
| 5.9-6.1** | 102/184 | 1.77 (1.14 to 2.75) |
| 6.2-6.9** | 97/188 | 1.46 (0.93 to 2.30) |
| 7.0-14.2** | 54/85 | 2.42 (1.33 to 4.39) |
| Wolpin, 2013††43 | ||
| Median 4.2** | 61/246 | 1 |
| Median 4.5** | 92/276 | 1.59 (1.07 to 2.36) |
| Median 4.7** | 101/286 | 1.82 (1.22 to 2.70) |
| Median 5.0** | 74/262 | 1.36 (0.89 to 2.07) |
| Median 5.4** | 100/285 | 1.79 (1.17 to 2.72) |
*Estimated from post-load blood glucose concentration (see method).
†Case number calculated from reported number of study population and cumulative incidence.
‡Pooled analysis of 30 cohorts (see table 1).
§Pooled analysis of seven cohorts (see table 1).
¶Person year calculated from reported number of cases and incidence rate.
**Estimated from haemoglobin A1c (see methods).
††Pooled analysis of five cohorts in US (see table 1).