Table 2.
Characteristics of studies
| Characteristic | Number of studies |
|---|---|
| Year | |
| 2000-2007 | 1 |
| 2007-2011 | 1 |
| 2011-2012 | 4 |
| Country | |
| United States | 3 |
| Australia | 1 |
| United Kingdom | 2 |
| Settings (# hospitals) | |
| 1-4 | 4 |
| 5-20 | 1 |
| 21-100 | 0 |
| >100 | 1 |
| Type of hospital-wide intervention | |
| Hand hygiene | 4 |
| Electronic health record | 1 |
| Multi-faceted patient safety* | 3 |
| Study design | |
| Non-randomised controlled trial | 1 |
| Observational study | 3 |
| Controlled before and after study | 2 |
| Type of patient outcome | |
| Mortality | 2 |
| Adverse events | 4 |
| Patient satisfaction | 3 |
| Nosocomial infections | 3 |
| Quality Improvement (QI) indicators** | 3 |
| Data collection method | |
| Survey | 5 |
| Ethnography | 1 |
| Case note review | 2 |
| Administrative data | 6 |
| Interview | 1 |
| Study specific data | 4 |
*Multi-faceted patient safety intervention might include multiple interventions.
**Initial antibiotic dose within 4 h of hospital arrival for pneumonia patients, fall rate per 1000 patient-days, chest pain pathway-discharged within 23 h of admission, annual HgA1c measurement in diabetic patients, left ventricular function evaluation on a yearly basis, appropriate use/non-use of ACE inhibitors [35].