Table 1.

Linear mixed-effects models on distribution responses of North Sea cod (latitudinal, longitudinal and depth centre of gravity of distribution) to variables related to climate and fishing pressure. All models included year as random effect to account for temporal autocorrelation. For each response variable, the final model is shown following a backward selection procedure, from a full model that included all main effects and interactions. Final models were selected by removing insignificant terms successively and based on lowest Akaike information criterion

Response variable	Predictor	Estimate	SE	t	P
Longitudinal shift	F	2.932	0.419	6.99	<0.00001
	SSB	0.007	0.002	3.56	0.0006
	F × SSB	–0.015	0.003	–5.26	<0.00001
Latitudinal shift	SST	0.374	0.102	3.64	0.0005
	NAO	–0.090	0.043	–2.09	0.039
Depth shift	SST	5.424	1.926	2.82	0.006
	NAO	–1.818	0.811	–2.24	0.028