Table 3.
Multivariable Cox regression analysis of all-cause hospitalisation (n = 40,770) vs. no hospitalisation (n = 24,986) amongst hospital episode statistics-linked patients (presented in decreasing magnitude of adjusted HR)
| Risk factors* | No. of events | Person-years at risk | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalisation in previous year (yes vs. no) | 13,776 | 30,000 | 2.20 (2.15–2.24) | 1.91 (1.87–1.96) |
| Disorders of the liver (yes vs. no) | 294 | 782 | 1.53 (1.36–1.72) | 1.48 (1.31–1.67) |
| eGFR (ml/min) | ||||
| ≥ 60 | 23,987 | 110,000 | Reference | Reference |
| 31–59 | 15,398 | 51,000 | 1.41 (1.38–1.44) | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) |
| ≤ 30 | 1385 | 2400 | 2.52 (2.39–2.66) | 1.41 (1.33–1.49) |
| Cancer (yes vs. no) | 4986 | 13,000 | 1.61 (1.57–1.66) | 1.26 (1.22–1.30) |
| Cardiovascular complications (yes vs. no) | 4245 | 9400 | 1.87 (1.81–1.93) | 1.24 (1.19–1.28) |
| Insulin treatment (yes vs. no) | 7277 | 23,000 | 1.37 (1.34–1.41) | 1.23 (1.20–1.27) |
| Neurological complications (yes vs. no) | 17,372 | 56,000 | 1.46 (1.43–1.48) | 1.21 (1.19–1.23) |
| Cerebrovascular complications (yes vs. no) | 965 | 2800 | 1.42 (1.34–1.52) | 1.12 (1.04–1.19) |
| Endocrine/metabolic complications (yes vs. no) | 2594 | 7600 | 1.42 (1.37–1.48) | 1.12 (1.07–1.16) |
| Peripheral circulatory disorder (yes vs. no) | 4146 | 15,000 | 1.12 (1.09–1.16) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) |
| Sulphonylurea treatment (yes vs. no) | 13,597 | 52,000 | 1.13 (1.10–1.15) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) |
| Male gender | 21,679 | 92,550 | 1.11 (1.09–1.13) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) |
| HbA1c (%) – 1 unit change | 40,770 | 165,761 | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) |
| Age (year) – 1 year change | 40,770 | 165,761 | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) | 1.02 (1.02–1.02) |
| Time since diagnosis (years) – 1 year change | 40,770 | 165,761 | 1.04 (1.04–1.04) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) |
*
A backwards stepwise selection process was used to identify significant covariates at the 95% level for addition to the multivariable model.
†
Adjusted for age, gender, eGFR values, HbA1c values, time since diagnosis, hospitalisation in the previous year, insulin treatment, sulphonylurea treatment, peripheral circulatory disorders, neurological complications, cardiovascular complications, cancer, cerebrovascular complications, renal complications, endocrine complications and liver disorders.