Table 1.
Absolute and relative changes in beta and theta activity and UPDRS motor scores in 6 patients over the 3-d period of CR neuromodulationa
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning assessment (before stimulation) | Evening assessment (after stimulation) | Morning assessment (before stimulation) | Evening assessment (after stimulation) | Morning assessment (before stimulation) | Evening assessment (after stimulation) | ||
| Beta activity | Mean (SD), a.u | 0.99 (0.02) | 0.76 (0.28) | 0.74 (0.27) | 0.54 (0.27) | 0.57 (0.17) | 0.51 (0.07) |
| Change from baseline, mean (%)c | - | 22.8% | 25.1% | 44.9% | 42.0% | 48.0% | |
| Significanceb | - | 0.046 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
| Number/percentage of patients with beta activity reduction (%) | - | 5/83.3 | 4/66.6 | 6/100.0 | 6/100.0 | 6/100.0 | |
| Theta activity | Mean (SD), a.u. | 0.95 (0.10) | 0.65 (0.25) | 0.60 (0.18) | 0.34 (0.32) | 0.63 (0.29) | 0.43 (0.13) |
| Change from baseline, mean (%)c | - | 29.2% | 35.7% | 61.2% | 32.0% | 53.0% | |
| Significanceb | - | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
| Number/percentage of patients with theta activity reduction (%) | - | 3/75.0 | 4/100.0 | 4/100.0 | 4/100.0 | 4/100.0 | |
| UPDRS total motor score 18-31 | Mean (SD) | 27.0 (16.2) | 20.5 (11.1) | 22.0 (10.12) | 16.5 (9.4) | 17.8 (9.9) | 12.0 (8.15) |
| Change from baseline, mean (%)c | - | 18.1 | 7.2 | 34.8 | 24.1 | 58.0 | |
| Significanceb | - | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |
| Number/percentage of patients showing improvements (%) | - | 4/66.6 | 4/66.6 | 6/100.0 | 5/83.3 | 6/100.0 | |
| UPDRS tremor subscore 20-21 | Mean (SD) | 9.8 (4.9) | 6.8 (3.1) | 6.8 (2.2) | 6.8 (2.9) | 6.0 (3.6) | 3.5 (1.7) |
| Change from baseline, mean (%)c | - | 23.7 | 24.3 | 24.8 | 38.5 | 60.4 | |
| Significanceb | - | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.046 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |
| Number/percentage of patients showing improvements (%) | - | 2/50.0 | 3/75.0 | 3/75.0 | 4/100.0 | 4/100.0 | |
| UPDRS bradykinesia/rigidity subscore 22-26 | Mean (SD) | 14.8 (9.5) | 11.0 (7.0) | 12.3 (7.1) | 8.2 (5.9) | 9.3 (6.6) | 6.0 (4.8) |
| Change from baseline, mean (%)c | - | 22.0 | 13.0 | 43.5 | 34.0 | 63.1 | |
| Significanceb | - | 0.046 | 0.43 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |
| Number/percentage of patients showing improvements (%) | - | 5/83.3 | 4/63.3 | 6/100.0 | 6/100.0 | 6/100.0 | |
a.u., arbitrary units.
a
A positive change from baseline indicates a reduction (i.e., an improvement) in physiological activity and UPDRS motor scores.
b
Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Comparison vs baseline.
c
Percentual changes were calculated for each patient individually (compared with the individual baseline) and averaged afterward. Positive values indicate a reduction.