Table 3.

Expressions of iCCM policy across country case studies

Policy Level	Burkina Faso	Mali	Niger	Kenya	Malawi	Mozambique
Broad health sector strategies and policies	2011–2020 National Health Plan, supports C-IMCI 2008 Integrated Community Health Intervention Strategy (no curative)	2009 Health Sector Policy does not mention CHWs or iCCM (section on improving human resources for health does not mention CHWs)	2002 National Health Policy (does not mention iCCM)	2005–2010 Health Sector Strategic Plan recognises CHWs 2007 Community Strategy recognises CHWs as first level of care	2011–2016 Malawi Health Sector Strategic Plan mentions iCCM and recommends its expansion to all ages 2007 National Policy: Acute Respiratory Infections Control authorises antibiotics by Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) for pneumonia	2007–2012 National Health Strategic Plan mentions CHWs and community treatment 2004 Community Involvement Strategy mentions CHWs and community treatment
Child health plans		2007 Child Survival Strategy only covers facility level	2008 Child Survival Strategy acknowledges C-IMCI: volunteers for health promotion	2008–2015 Child Survival and Development Strategy mentions strengthening community-level interventions with curative care at facilities	2008–2012 Strategic Plan for Accelerated Child Survival and Development	2006 National Newborn and Child Health Policy proposes revitalisation of CHWs (APEs), treatment at community level and newborn care
CCM and IMCI Programme Implementation guidelines	2010–2014 Strategic Plan for C-IMCI details treatment by CHWs for malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia 2009 CHW training guidelines for acute respiratory infections	2010 Implementation Guidelines for Essential Community Services (SEC) details treatment by CHWs for malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia and home visits 2011 CHW training guidelines for treatment of malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea and home visits	2012 Minimum Package of Services for Case de Santé: paid ASCs and nurses treating malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia, newborn 2006 CHW (ASC) training guidelines for treatment of malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia	2011 Household and Community Integrated Management of Child Illness Strategy includes iCCM components 2012 draft CHW training guidelines for treatment of malaria, diarrhoea and home visits	2008 HSA Training Manual for iCCM 2010 Maternal and Neonatal Health Community-Based Maternal and Neonatal Care: HSA Manual	2010 CHW (APE) Revitalisation Programme details treatment for malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia 2010 CHW (APE) curriculum for treating malaria, diarrhoea, pneumonia and home visits