Table 3.

Neuropsychological tests scores at acute and subacute phase for the stroke group

	ACUTEPHASE (within 72 h; n = 18)	SUBACUTEPHASE (at 3 months; n = 18)	t (df)	P	r
General cognitive function
MMSE	25.72 ± 3.23	27.22 ± 2.57	−3.040 (17)	0.007	0.35
Sustained attention
MoCA subtest	10.11 ± 1.27	10.33 ± 1.28	−0.776(17)	0.449	–
Digit span forward (WAIS‐III)	4.61 ± 1.09	4.72 ± 1.28	−0.46 (17)	0.651	–
Working memory
Digit span backwards (WAIS‐III)	3.22 ± 1.35	3.44 ± 1.04	−0.940(17)	0.361	–
Premotor functions
Luria' sequences (/5)	3.61 ± 2.30	4.22 ± 1.66	−1.77(17)	0.094	–
Rhythms subtest (/10)	6.00 ± 2.91	6.83 ± 3.07	−1.567(17)	0.135	–
Interference and inhibitory control (/3)	2.22 ± 1.00	2.50 ± 0.85	−1.426(17)	0.172	–
Verbal fluency
Letter (P)	7.33 ± 4.25	8.83 ± 4.69	−1.775(17)	0.941	–
Semantic (animals)	10.06 ± 5.23	13.83 ± 4.54	−3.688(17)	0.002	0.44
Language
Boston naming test	9.11 ± 3.06	10.83 ± 2.41	−3.511(17)	0.003	0.42
Understanding (/6)	5.83 ± 0.38	5.94 ± 0.23	−1.458(17)	0.163	–
Psychomotor speed (s)
Trail making test A (s)	203.89 ± 101.15	107.67 ± 85.48	5.024(17)	<0.001	0.60
Grooved pegboard test (preferred hand; s)	274.27 ± 74.01	108.39 ± 72.06	7.214(17)	<0.001	0.75
Visuospatial skills
Line cancellation test (/36)	30.78 ± 10.38	31.94 ± 7.91	−0.557(17)	0.585	–

Score values are reported as means ± standard deviations for each test (Paired Samples T Test).

Abbreviations: df: degrees of freedom; FBI: frontal behavioral inventory; GDS: geriatric depression scale; MMSE: mini mental state examination; MoCA: montreal cognitive assessment; S‐IQCODE: short informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly.

r = 0.10 (small effect: effect explains 1% of total variance).

r = 0.30 (medium effect: effect accounts for 9% of the total variance).

r = 0.50 (large effect = effect accounts for 25% of the total variance).