Table 2.

Summaries of studies inferring mutational properties through fitness/marker trajectories over time

Method	Organism	Sample size (# of mutations)	DFE	Beneficial mutation rate	References
Marker frequencies	E. coli	66	Exponential or Γ	4 × 10−9	74
Marker frequencies	E. coli	30	Peaked, unimodal	5.9 × 10−8	44
Marker frequencies	E. coli	72	Exponential, uniform, and Dirac δ	2 × 10−7	46
Marker frequencies	E. coli	75 and 87	Γ	10−5	64
Marker frequencies	E. coli	K43N: 81; K88E: 102	K43N: cannot reject log-normal (Weibull domain)	K43N: 5 × 10−5; K88N: 4 × 10−5	45
			K88E: β (reject Weibull)
Marker frequencies	P. fluorescens	68	Weibull	3.8 × 10−8	75
Mean fitness over time	A. nidulans	260	Unimodal, positively skewed	–	65
Mean fitness over time	P. aeruginosa	288	Unimodal for one genotype, bimodal for the other two.	6.6 × 10−8	22