Table 3.
Mutants Causing Ectopic Embryonic Traits and Up-Regulation of LAFL Network during Vegetative Development
| Mutant or RNAi | Protein Family | Embryonic Trait | EC Penetrance | Up-Regulation of LAFL Factors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| val1 val2 | B3 | EC1 and arrested growth | High | LAFL | 10,11 |
| HDA6/HDA19 RNAi | HDAC | ELS and arrested growth | n.a. | LEC1, FUS3, and ABI3 | 34 |
| clf swn | PcG | EC3 and arrested growth | No data | LEC1, LEC2 and FUS3 | 41,62 |
| Atring1a Atring1b | PcG | EC4 and arrested growth | intermediate | LAFL | 39 |
| Atbmi1a Atbmi1b | PcG | EC4 and arrested growth | Intermediate | LAFL | 39 |
| pkl | CHD3 | EC2 | Low | LEC1, LEC2, and FUS3 | 48,57 |
| pkl pkr2 | CHD3 | EC2 | Intermediate | LEC1, FUS3, ABI3 | 41 |
| RBR RNAi or RBR overexpression | RB | ECP and arrested growth | n.a. | ABI3 and LEC2 (induced by sucrose) | 43 |
| Brm | SWI/SNF | Arrested growth | n.a. | FUS3 | 46 |
| asil1 | Trihelix | Arrested growth | n.a | LAFL | 47 |
ELS, embryo-like structure; ECP, embryonic cell proliferation; Penetrance: low, 10–30%; intermediate, 30–70%; high, 70–100%. n.a., not applicable. Embryonic traits: EC, embryonic callus.
All mutants accumulate SSPs and lipids.
1
Shoot and root.
2
Primary root tip.
3
Shoot.
4
Cotyledon and root.