Table 2.

Serum concentrations of PFCs (ng/ml) by gestational diabetes (GDM) status, LIFE Study, 2005–2009

	Non-GDM (N=230)	GDM (N=28)	P-value
PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid)
% <LOD* (LOD=0.1)	0	4
Geometric mean (95% CI)	3.07 (2.83–3.32)	3.94 (3.15–4.93)	0.98
Et-PFOSA-AcOH (2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid)‡
%<LOD* (LOD=0.2)	95.	93
Geometric mean (95% CI)	0.11 (0.10–0.12)‡	0.11 (0.09–0.14)‡	0.20
Me-PFOSA-AcOH (2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid)
%<LOD* (LOD=0.2)	26	21
Geometric mean (95% CI)	0.29 (0.26–0.33)	0.30 (0.21–0.42)	0.95
PFDeA (perfluorodecanoic acid)
%<LOD* (LOD=0.2)	9	4
Geometric mean (95% CI)	0.40 (0.37–0.43)	0.41 (0.32–0.51)	0.52
PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid)
%<LOD* (LOD=0.1)	2	0
Geometric mean (95% CI)	1.20 (1.12–1.30)	1.23 (0.99–1.52)	0.33
PFOSA (perfluorooctane sulfonamide)‡
%<LOD* (LOD=0.1)	88	89
Geometric mean (95% CI)	0.11 (0.10–0.12)‡	0.13 (0.05–0.34)‡	0.88
PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid)
%<LOD* (LOD=0.2)	0	0
Geometric mean (95% CI)	12.04 (11.12–13.05)	13.10 (10.52–16.33)	0.10

^*LOD: limit of detection (in ng/ml).

^‡Most concentrations for this analyte are below the LOD.