Table 3.

Newly Launched Randomized Trials of Lifestyle Interventions to Reduce Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Author (year)	Name	Design	Population	Intervention	Mode	Goals	Outcomes
Berry et al.; 2013		RCT; FU: 10 mos.	100 ethnically/racially diverse women with current GDM; North Carolina	Lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) vs. control	individualized in-person; group sessions; text messaging.	Healthy behaviors	Primary: FPG, BMI; Secondary: clinical, adiposity, behaviors, self efficacy
Chasan-Taber et al.; 2014	Estudio Parto	RCT; FU: 12 mos.	300 Hispanic women with current GDM; Massachusetts	Lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) vs. health & wellness control	individualized in-person; telephone; mailings	Weight: return to prepregnancy weight if normal weight, lose 5% of prepregnancy weight if overweight; PA: 150 min/wk. of moderate-intensity or harder; Diet: <25% calories from fat	Primary: postpartum weight retention, biomarkers of insulin resistance and CVD; Secondary: exercise, diet
Ferrara et al.; 2014	Gestational Diabetes' Effects on Moms (GEM) study	RCT; FU 12 mos.	2,320 women with a GDM diagnosis between March 2011 and March 2012; California	Lifestyle (diet, exercise) vs. usual care control	telephone; mailings	Weight: return to prepregnancy weight if normal weight, lose 5% of prepregnancy weight if overweight or obese PA and Diet: individualized goals	Primary: postpartum weight; Secondary: postpartum glycemia, blood pressure, depression, % calories from fat, total caloric intake, PA levels.
Infanti et al.; 2013	Croi MyAction	RCT; FU: 12 mos.	54 women with previous GDM and persistent postpartum glucose dysfunction; Ireland	Lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) vs. control	individualized in-person; group	Healthy lifestyle	Primary: FPG; Secondary: insulin resistance, diet adherence, weight and BMI, PA and fitness, lipid profile, psychological factors
Shih et al.; 2013	Mothers After Gestational Diabetes in Australia Diabetes Prevention Program (MAGDA-DPP)	RCT; FU: 12 mos.	574 women with GDM in most recent pregnancy; Australia	Lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) vs. control	individualized in-person; group sessions; telephone	Weight: Reduce >5%; PA ≥30 min/day moderate-intensity; Diet: Fat intake <30%; fiber >15 g per 1000 kcal	Primary: diabetes risk; Secondary: psychosocial, QOL, CVD risk factors

RCT = randomized clinical trial; FU = follow-up; GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; PA=physical activity; FG=fasting glucose; GI = BMI = body mass index; kcal = kilocalories; QOL = quality of life; CVD = cardiovascular disease