Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) describing the risk of hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia after prior registration for different types of drug abuse in (i) a general population sample and (ii) a co-relative sample (cannabis cases excluded)
| Opiates | Sedatives | Cocaine/stimulants | Hallucinogens | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (i) General population sample | 9.04 (5.60–14.59) | 12.74 (9.52–17.04) | 9.61 (7.71–11.97) | 26.67 (15.36–46.29) |
| (n = 5456) | (n = 5456) | (n = 5456) | (n = 5456) | |
| (ii) Co-relative sample | ||||
| First-cousin pairs | 3.25 (2.39–4.42) | 7.33 (5.91–9.11) | 8.56 (6.91–10.35) | 9.87 (6.82–14.28) |
| (n = 225) | (n = 775) | (n = 993) | (n = 337) | |
| Paternal half-sibling pairs | 1.80 (0.96–3.38) | 3.50 (2.07–5.91) | 8.50 (5.06–14.27) | 7.00 (2.74–17.87) |
| (n = 42) | (n = 81) | (n = 154) | (n = 41) | |
| Maternal half-siblings pairs | 8.25 (2.92–23.29) | 4.65 (2.75–7.85) | 10.64 (5.73–19.74) | 17.50 (4.21–72.8) |
| (n = 37) | (n = 96) | (n = 128) | (n = 37) | |
| Full-sibling pairs | 1.49 (1.01–2.19) | 3.34 (2.51–4.43) | 4.36 (3.21–5.93) | 5.73 (3.31–9.92) |
| (n = 107) | (n = 269) | (n = 268) | (n = 101) | |
| MZ twins (extrapolated) | < 1.00 | < 1.00 | 1.9 | < 1.00 |
MZ, Monozygotic.