Table 1.

Sprue Syndromes

Disorder	Treatment
Celiac disease (classical, occult, latent)	Gluten-free diet
Oats-induced sprue-like small bowel disease	Restrict oats
Refractory celiac disease	Not known
Collagenous sprue (enteritis or enterocolitis)	Not known
Mesenteric lymph node cavitation syndrome	Not known
Other protein-induced mucosal disease (soy, milk)	Delete protein
Unclassified sprue (sprue-like intestinal disease)	Not known

All may cause diffuse severe (“flat”) or moderate to severe changes in the mucosal architecture. Refractory celiac disease requires evidence of an initial gluten-free diet response. In unclassified sprue (sprue-like intestinal disease), no response to a gluten-free diet can be documented. Celiac disease has also been termed “celiac sprue” or “gluten-sensitive enteropathy.” Adapted from Freeman HJ. Int J Celiac Dis 2014;2:6–10.²⁷