Table 2.
Demographics and Measurements by Different Obesity Criteria: Centrally Obese Versus Noncentrally Obese and BMI > 85th Percentile and BMI ≤ 85th Percentile
| Central Obese (n = 57) | Noncentral Obese (n = 135) | P Value | BMI > 85th Percentile (n = 98) | BMI ≤ 85th Percentile (n = 149) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 10.0 ± 4.6 | 9.9 ± 3.4 | .82 | 9.8 ± 3.7 | 9.7 ± 4.0 | .88 |
| Age group, y | .001 | .73 | ||||
| 0–4 | 21% (12) | 6% (8) | 11% (11) | 13% (19) | ||
| 5–9 | 25% (14) | 44% (60) | 42% (41) | 36% (53) | ||
| 10–14 | 39% (22) | 43% (58) | 38% (37) | 44% (65) | ||
| 15–18 | 16% (9) | 7% (9) | 9% (9) | 8% (12) | ||
| Gender, % male, n | 56% (32) | 55% (74) | .87 | 58% (57) | 58% (87) | .97 |
| Race, white/black/other, % | 91/7/2 | 93/5/2 | 0.87 | 89/9/2 | 96/3/1 | .05 |
| BMI percentile at 3 mo | 90.1 ± 14.2 | 66.6 ± 20.6 | <.001 | 93.7 ± 4.5 | 59.7 ± 18.9 | <.001 |
| BMI Z score at 3 mo | 1.6 ± 0.8a | 0.5 ± 0.7 | <.001 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | <.001 |
| Height Z score | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 1.1 | .16 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | .001 |
| C-peptide at onset, ng/mL | 0.8 [0.6, 1.1] | 0.5 [0.2, 0.7] | <.001 | 0.7 [0.4, 1.0] | 0.5 [0.2, 0.7]b | .000 01 |
| C-peptide at 3 mo, ng/mL | 0.9 [0.3, 3.1] | 1.42 [0.8, 2.4] | .48 | 1.7 [0.6, 3.0] | 1.2 [0.7, 2.3]b | .48 |
| HbA1c at onset | 11.8 ± 2.38 (55) | 11.8 ± 2.4 (133) | .96 | 11.7 ± 2.5 (93) | 11.7 ± 2.4 (147) | .82 |
| HbA1c at 3 mo | 7.4 ± 0.7a | 7.3 ± 0.8 (128) | .45 | 7.2 ± 0.8 (86) | 7.4 ± 0.8 (142) | .06 |
| Multiple (two or more) antibodies | 86% (49) | 81% (109) | .39 | 84% (82) | 83% (124) | .93 |
| +ICA (H), %, n | 89% (51) | 84% (113) | .30 | 88% (86) | 85% (126) | .48 |
| +GAD, %, n | 58% (33) | 59% (80) | .86 | 55% (54) | 59% (88) | .54 |
| +IA2, %, n | 75% (43) | 75% (101) | .93 | 71% (70) | 75% (112) | .51 |
| +IAA, %, n | 74% (14) | 58% (28) | .24 | 63% (25) | 66% (38) | .76 |
| Positive antibodies, n | .67 | .88 | ||||
| 1+, %, n | 14% (8) | 19% (26) | 16% (16) | 17% (25) | ||
| 2+, %, n | 39% (22) | 33% (45) | 38% (37) | 33% (49) | ||
| 3+, %, n | 33% (19) | 37% (50) | 36% (35) | 40% (59) | ||
| 4+, %, n | 14% (8) | 10% (14) | 10% (10) | 11% (16) | ||
| Positive antibodies, n | 2.5 ± 0.9 (57) | 2.4 ± 0.9 (135) | .54 | 2.4 ± 0.9 (98) | 2.4 ± 0.9 (149) | .70 |
| Percentile for SBP at 3 mo, n | 76.2 ± 20.4 (45) | 61.1 ± 27.9 (118) | .001 | 72.6 ± 22.0 (73) | 60.4 ± 27.7 (130) | .001 |
| Percentile for DBP at 3 mo, n | 63.5 ± 22.9 (45) | 57.6 ± 20.0 (117) | .11 | 59.6 ± 19.3 (72) | 58.6 ± 21.5 (130) | .73 |
| HDL for 3 mo, mg/dL, n | 43.2 ± 8.5 (47) | 50.7 ± 10.9 (131) | <.001 | 44.6 ± 10.4 (78) | 51.3 ± 11.1 (122) | <.001 |
| TGs at 3 mo, mg/dL, n | 143.7 ± 92.5 (48) | 114.8 ± 55.4 ( 131) | .046 | 131.2 ± 82.1 (79) | 114.2 ± 53.6 (123) | .10 |
| Cholesterol for 3 mo, mg/dL, n | 158.4 ± 26.9 (48) | 154.3 ± 25.2 (131) | .35 | 155.5 ± 28.5 (79) | 154.4 ± 23.4 (123) | .77 |
| LDL for 3 mo, mg/dL, n | 88.0 ± 24.4 (47) | 80.7 ± 22.2 (131) | .063 | 84.2 ± 24.7 (78) | 80.0 ± 21.2 (122) | .19 |
Abbreviation: DBP, diastolic blood pressure. Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise noted. C-peptide is presented as median [interquartile range].
a
Based on 54 subjects.
b
Based on 149 subjects.