Table 5.

Effect of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on serum enzyme activity, adipocytokines and metabolic hormones of broilers¹

Items	Level of coconut oil (%)					SEM	p value
	R02	R25	R50	R75	R100		ANOVA	Linear	Quadratic
d 21
Malate dehydrogenase (U/L)	19.88	21.38	22.05	20.55	20.71	0.59	0.84	0.85	0.36
Lipoprotein lipase (U/mL)	1.14	1.45	1.47	1.42	1.62	0.05	0.02	<0.01	0.41
Hepatic lipase (U/mL)	0.69	0.80	0.76	0.74	0.95	0.03	0.04	<0.01	0.29
Total lipase (U/mL)	1.83	2.25	2.23	2.16	2.57	0.05	0.02	<0.01	0.28
Adiponectin (mg/L)	11.53	11.46	12.74	12.52	12.92	0.28	0.37	0.16	0.51
Leptin (ng/mL)	7.33	4.00	5.48	4.20	3.83	0.31	<0.01	<0.01	0.08
Insulin (μIU/mL)	16.48	19.12	16.48	16.31	15.76	0.67	0.57	0.38	0.49
Glucagon (pg/mL)	74.96	76.88	81.92	91.27	93.51	1.96	<0.01	<0.01	0.70
d 42
Malate dehydrogenase (U/L)	23.04	22.72	20.69	22.50	18.36	1.24	0.76	0.30	0.73
Lipoprotein lipase (U/mL)	1.03	1.15	1.18	1.29	1.46	0.03	<0.01	<0.01	0.30
Hepatic lipase (U/mL)	0.59	0.69	0.70	0.71	0.80	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	0.72
Total lipase (U/mL)	1.62	1.85	1.88	2.00	2.26	0.05	<0.01	<0.01	0.49
Adiponectin (mg/L)	11.04	11.69	12.25	12.62	13.83	0.26	<0.01	<0.01	0.61
Leptin (ng/mL)	5.90	6.70	6.63	6.09	5.76	0.20	0.50	0.54	0.13
Insulin (μIU/mL)	14.53	16.41	16.55	17.13	22.32	0.95	0.05	0.01	0.04
Glucagon (pg/mL)	87.26	86.83	87.26	90.93	85.39	2.25	0.96	0.98	0.73

SEM, standard error of the mean; ANOVA, analysis of variance.

¹Values are the means of 6 birds per treatment.

²R0 = soybean oil; R25 = 25% coconut oil and 75% soybean oil; R50 = 50% coconut oil and 50% soybean oil; R75 = 75% coconut oil and 25% soybean oil; R100 = coconut oil.