Table 4. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) for the associations between intake of food groups and mothers' BMI.
| Food groupsa | Intake levelb | Model A | Model B | Model C | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
RRR |
95% CI |
RRR |
95% CI |
RRR |
95% CI |
| Dairy products | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 0.99 | (0.97;1.01) | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | |
| High | 1.02 | (1.00; 1.05) | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.04) | |
| Fats and oils | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.97; 1.02) | |
| High | 0.98 | (0.96; 1.01) | 0.98 | (0.96; 1.00) | 0.98 | (0.95; 1.00) | |
| Fruits and vegetables | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.01 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
| High | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.01) | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.01) | 0.99 | (0.96; 1.01) | |
| Confectionery | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.01) | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.01) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | |
| High | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.01) | 0.97 | (0.95; 1.00) | 0.99 | (0.96; 1.01) | |
| Cereals | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 0.98 | (0.96; 1.00) | 0.98 | (0.96; 1.00) | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.02) | |
| High | 0.98 | (0.96; 1.00) | 0.99 | (0.96; 1.01) | 1.01 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
| Bakery products | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.03) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.01 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
| High | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.03) | 1.00 | (0.97; 1.02) | 0.99 | (0.97; 1.02) | |
| Meat and meat products | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.04 | (1.01; 1.06) | 1.03 | (1.01; 1.05) | 1.02 | (0.99; 1.04) | |
| High | 1.07 | (1.05; 1.09) | 1.06 | (1.03; 1.09) | 1.04 | (1.01; 1.06) | |
| Fish and fish products | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.97; 1.02) | |
| High | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.03) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.03) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
| Eggs and egg products | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.03 | (1.01; 1.05) | 1.03 | (1.00; 1.05) | 1.03 | (1.00; 1.05) | |
| High | 1.03 | (1.01; 1.06) | 1.03 | (1.00; 1.05) | 1.02 | (0.99; 1.04) | |
| Beverages | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.97; 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
| High | 1.02 | (1.00; 1.04) | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.04) | 1.02 | (1.00; 1.05) | |
| Ready-to-eat savories | Low | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Medium | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.03) | 1.00 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
| High | 1.02 | (1.00; 1.04) | 1.01 | (0.99; 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.98; 1.03) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; Ref., reference.
Model A—crude model, Model B—adjusted for study region, maternal education, child's sex, age, pubertal status and energy intake from other food groups, Model C—additionally adjusted for the BMIs of the child and father
.
a
Food groups were defined according to the Codex General Standard for Food Additives food category system.24
b
Defined using sex- and group-specific tertile cutoffs.