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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Serv. 2014 Oct 31;66(1):15–20. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201400055

Table 1.

Rates of Psychiatric Treatment Reported by Borderline Patients and Axis II Comparison Subjects over 16 Years of Prospective Follow-up

BL 2 YR FU 4 YR FU 6 YR FU 8 YR FU 10 YR FU 12 YR FU 14 YR FU 16 YR FU RRR
Diagnosis
Time (0-8)
Time (8-16)		 95%CI
Diagnosis
Time (0-8)
Time (8-16)		 P-value
Diagnosis
Time (0-8)
Time (8-16)
N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N %
Outpatient Psychosocial Treatments
Individual Therapy
BPD 279 97 257 93 211 78 197 75 186 73 181 73 167 68 154 65 149 65 1.06
.71
.91		 .99-1.14
.66-.76
.84-1.00		 NS
<0.001
NS
OPD 62 86 59 88 42 66 40 64 28 45 27 44 36 60 28 48 32 55
Intensive Psychotherapy (>=2 sessions per wk)
BPD 105 36 102 37 63 23 42 16 44 17 40 16 33 14 33 14 30 13 1.78
.40
.86		 1.13-2.78
.31-.51
.63-1.16		 NS
<0.001
NS
OPD 14 19 13 19 6 9 7 11 4 7 5 8 5 8 4 7 5 9
Group Therapy
BPD 105 36 63 23 46 17 32 12 35 14 24 10 29 12 33 14 17 7 1.78
.29
1.06		 1.23-2.59
.22-.39
.71-1.61		 .002
<0.001
NS
OPD 13 18 4 6 4 6 4 6 2 3 0 0 3 5 3 5 6 10
Couples/Family Therapy
BPD 112 39 53 19 30 11 22 8 25 10 19 8 19 8 17 7 12 5 1.23
.19
1.07		 .87-1.73
.13-.27
.65-1.78		 NS
<0.001
NS
OPD 21 29 9 13 6 9 4 6 5 8 4 7 5 8 4 7 5 9
Self-help Groups
BPD 148 51 80 29 68 25 54 21 41 16 36 15 36 15 35 15 34 15 1.86
.31
1.05		 1.30-2.65
.24-.41
.77-1.43		 .001
<0.001
NS
OPD 23 32 11 16 6 9 8 13 7 11 7 12 6 10 7 12 6 10
Standing Medications
Any Standing Medication
BPD 244 84 237 86 204 76 187 71 180 71 179 72 183 75 172 72 165 71 1.29
.81
1.03		 1.13-1.48
.75-.88
.95-1.11		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 44 61 52 78 34 53 34 54 30 48 32 53 35 58 30 51 30 52
Two or More Concurrent Medications
BPD 190 66 176 64 149 55 130 49 134 53 130 52 121 50 119 50 119 52 2.10
.75
1.05		 1.60-2.76
.66-.84
.93-1.18		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 18 25 28 42 16 25 12 19 10 16 17 28 17 28 16 27 19 33
Three or More Concurrent Medications
BPD 132 46 116 42 107 40 92 35 91 36 81 33 79 32 82 35 82 36 2.82
.73
1.06		 1.89-4.20
.62-.85
.90-1.24		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 9 13 15 22 8 13 5 8 3 5 9 15 10 17 8 14 9 16
Four or More Concurrent Medications
BPD 83 29 62 23 58 22 46 17 55 22 53 21 43 18 51 21 43 19 4.65
.72
1.06		 2.54-8.51
.56-.93
.82-1.38		 <0.001
NS
NS
OPD 1 1 6 9 5 8 1 2 0 0 3 5 3 5 4 7 4 7
Five or More Concurrent Medications
BPD 52 18 32 12 27 10 25 10 25 10 26 10 19 8 19 8 16 7 8.37
.58
.81		 2.89-24.2
.39-.85
.52-1.27		 <0.001
NS
NS
OPD 1 1 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 0
More Intensive Treatments
Day Treatment
BPD 123 42 113 41 62 23 47 18 34 13 27 11 31 13 26 11 18 8 1.92
.28
.63		 1.37-2.69
.22-.37
.43-.93		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 14 19 20 30 5 8 4 6 2 3 1 2 3 5 2 3 1 2
Residential Treatment
BPD 107 37 78 28 32 12 26 10 25 10 12 5 16 7 13 6 10 4 3.94
.19
.74		 2.25-6.91
.13-.27
.45-1.23		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 7 10 6 9 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 1 2
Any Psychiatric Hospitalization
BPD 228 79 164 60 97 36 86 33 71 28 72 29 71 29 58 24 55 24 1.80
.31
.99		 1.41-2.30
.26-.37
.80-1.21		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 36 50 15 22 9 14 9 14 7 11 2 3 7 12 3 5 5 9
Multiple Hospitalizations
BPD 175 60 11 43 70 26 61 23 45 18 36 15 40 16 34 14 35 15 3.25
.26
.94		 2.11-5.00
.20-.33
.70-1.27		 <0.001
<0.001
NS
OPD 15 21 7 11 5 8 2 3 3 5 0 0 5 8 1 2 2 4
30 Days or More of Psychiatric Hospitalization
BPD 174 60 95 35 55 21 49 19 19 8 18 7 17 7 10 4 8 4 2.34
.14
.39		 1.68-3.27
.11-.19
.22-.69		 <0.001
<0.001
.001
OPD 21 29 9 13 2 3 2 3 2 3 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
ECT Treatment
BPD 20 7 19 7 11 4 10 4 12 5 8 3 9 4 2 1 4 2 1.60
.54
.43		 .81-3.15
.28-1.02
.20-.95		 NS
NS
NS
OPD 4 6 4 6 0 0 1 2 2 3 0 0 2 3 2 3 0 0