Table 1.
Summary of assigned pollutant concentrations in 2002 for participants with no diagnosis of COPD by end of 2002 (n=812 063)
| Assigned annual average concentration in 2002 (µg/m3) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM10 | PM2.5 | SO2 | NO2 | O3 | |
| No. with pollution linkage (%) | 807 401 (99) | 807 401 (99) | 800 360 (99) | 807 000 (99) | 801 380 (99) |
| Mean concentration (SD) | 19.7 (2.3) | 12.9 (1.4) | 3.9 (2.1) | 22.5 (7.4) | 51.7 (2.4) |
| IQR | 3.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 10.7 | 3.0 |
| Practice region means (SD) | |||||
| North [81 practices] | 19.8 (2.3) | 12.9 (1.5) | 4.8 (2.1) | 23.4 (6.3) | 50.9 (2.4) |
| South (ex. London) [96 practices] | 19.1 (2.0) | 12.5 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.9) | 19.4 (6.1) | 52.6 (2.2) |
| London [28 practices] | 22.5 (1.2) | 14.6 (0.8) | 3.8 (1.2) | 33.3 (4.5) | 50.2 (0.8) |
| Test for heterogeneity | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
| Modified IMD quintile means (SD) | |||||
| 1 (Most deprived) | 21.0 (2.2) | 13.7 (1.5) | 4.7 (2.2) | 26.9 (6.3) | 50.9 (2.1) |
| 2 | 21.1 (2.6) | 13.8 (1.7) | 4.2 (2.3) | 26.5 (7.9) | 51.3 (2.2) |
| 3 | 20.4 (2.6) | 13.3 (1.7) | 4.5 (2.5) | 24.2 (8.1) | 51.2 (2.2) |
| 4 | 20.0 (2.3) | 13.1 (1.5) | 4.4 (2.5) | 23.2 (7.5) | 51.3 (2.2) |
| 5 | 19.5 (2.6) | 12.7 (1.6) | 3.9 (2.4) | 21.6 (8.2) | 52.1 (2.6) |
| 6 | 19.3 (2.4) | 12.6 (1.5) | 3.7 (1.9) | 21.1 (7.6) | 51.6 (2.6) |
| 7 | 19.3 (2.3) | 12.6 (1.4) | 3.9 (2.1) | 21.3 (7.5) | 51.6 (2.6) |
| 8 | 19.3 (2.0) | 12.6 (1.3) | 3.6 (1.8) | 20.9 (6.7) | 51.8 (2.4) |
| 9 | 19.4 (1.9) | 12.6 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.7) | 21.8 (6.6) | 51.9 (2.3) |
| 10 (Least deprived) | 19.6 (1.5) | 12.8 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.3) | 22.1 (5.6) | 52.2 (1.9) |
| Test for trend | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
| Correlation* between pollutants | |||||
| PM2.5 | 0.99 | – | – | – | – |
| SO2 | 0.45 | 0.46 | – | – | – |
| NO2 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.38 | – | – |
| O3 | −0.40 | −0.39 | −0.41 | −0.47 | – |
*Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; IQR, interquartile range.