Table 2. Conventional Two-dimensional and Doppler Echocardiographic Findings.
| Group A (n = 51) | Group B (n = 60) | Group C (n = 57) | p Values | |
| M-mode and 2-D | ||||
| LA volume index (ml/mm2) | 32.5±6.3 | 33.0±6.1 | 36.4±9.6 | 0.012† ‡ |
| LVEDV index (ml/m2) | 70.9±17.0 | 70.8±16.9 | 70.3±17.8 | 0.982 |
| LVESV index (ml/m2) | 26.3±13.4 | 23.8±10.2 | 26.0±14.3 | 0.501 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 137.9±49.1 | 130.8±30.8 | 131.4±26.5 | 0.538 |
| LVEF (%) | 64.7±12.6 | 67.0±8.1 | 64.6±10.8 | 0.395 |
| MPI | 0.59±0.20 | 0.47±0.26 | 0.40±0.36 | 0.232 |
| Mitral inflow velocities | ||||
| E (cm/s) | 70.0±13.7 | 71.8±21.1 | 76.8±21.1 | 0.155 |
| A (cm/s) | 79.0±17.4 | 75.3±20.8 | 70.7±22.3 | 0.105 |
| E/A | 0.94±0.29 | 1.04±0.47 | 1.27±0.81 | 0.008† |
| IVRT (ms) | 96.7±18.4 | 92.2±11.5 | 89.9±19.7 | 0.106 |
| Tissue Doppler Imaging | ||||
| s′ (cm/s) | 7.3±0.6 | 7.4±0.4 | 7.3±0.5 | 0.401 |
| e′ (cm/s) | 5.6±1.1 | 5.9±1.9 | 6.3±2.5 | 0.435 |
| a′ (cm/s) | 9.3±1.1 | 9.0±1.2 | 8.4±1.7 | 0.039† |
| E/e′ | 11.4±2.8 | 12.3±3.6 | 13.2±5.3 | 0.308 |
| eas index | 0.08±0.02 | 0.09±0.05 | 0.11±0.04 | 0.041† |
†
Group A versus Group C, p<0.05 in post hoc analysis.
‡
Group B versus Group C, p<0.05 in post hoc analysis.
A, late diastolic transmitral Doppler flow velocity; a′, late mitral annular diastolic velocity; DT, deceleration time; E, early diastolic transmitral Doppler flow velocity; eas, ratio e′/(a′ X s′); EDV, end diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end systolic volume; e′, early mitral annular diastolic velocity; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricular; MPI, myocardial performance index; s′, mitral annular systolic velocity.