Table 1. General characteristics of the study subjects.
| Male | Female | |||||
| Non-obese | Obese | P-value | Non-obese | Obese | P-value | |
| (n = 1272) | (n = 719) | (n = 1949) | (n = 681) | |||
| Age (years) | 42.2±0.6 | 42.1±0.7 | <.0001 | 42.1±0.5 | 48.5±0.7 | <.0001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 22.1±0.1 | 27.4±0.1 | <.0001 | 21.5±0.1 | 27.7±0.1 | <.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 79.2±0.2 | 91.8±0.4 | <.0001 | 73.3±0.3 | 87.8±0.4 | <.0001 |
| IOP (mmHg) | 14.1±0.1 | 14.5±0.2 | <.0001 | 13.7±0.1 | 14.1±0.2 | <.0001 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 91.7±0.4 | 96±0.4 | <.0001 | 89.5±0.2 | 94.7±0.5 | <.0001 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 108.2 (103.6,113) | 156.2 (147.9,164.9) | <.0001 | 81.3 (79.1, 83.7) | 115.2 (109.4, 121.2) | <.0001 |
| TC (mg/dl) | 182.2±1.2 | 197.2±1.6 | <.0001 | 181.5±1 | 198.1±1.8 | <.0001 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 8.6 (8.4,8.8) | 11.5 (11.1, 11.9) | <.0001 | 9 (8.8, 9.2) | 11.4 (11, 11.8) | <.0001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 (1.9,2) | 2.7 (2.6, 2.8) | <.0001 | 2 (1.9, 2) | 2.6 (2.5, 2.8) | <.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 51.8±0.5 | 46.9±0.5 | <.0001 | 57.8±0.4 | 51.9±0.5 | <.0001 |
| LDL(mg/dl) | 109.1±1.1 | 119.4±1.6 | <.0001 | 110.2±0.8 | 124.3±1.5 | <.0001 |
| Current smokers (%) | 44 (1.5) | 41.4 (2.4) | 0.3393 | 5 (0.6) | 6.1 (1.4) | 0.4334 |
| Heavy drinkers (%) | 16.2 (1.1) | 20.8 (1.8) | 0.0262 | 1.6 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.9) | 0.0320 |
| Regular exercisers (%) | 25.4 (1.5) | 25.5 (2.1) | 0.9735 | 18.6 (1.2) | 26 (2.1) | 0.0002 |
| Rural residence (%) | 22.1 (3.5) | 19.6 (3.3) | 0.3238 | 19.5 (3) | 26 (4) | 0.0047 |
| Low education (%) | 21.3 (1.6) | 16 (1.6) | 0.0100 | 26.3 (1.7) | 47.6 (2.5) | <.0001 |
| Lowest income (%) | 13.3 (1.4) | 11 (1.4) | 0.1906 | 14.9 (1.1) | 22.9 (2.3) | 0.0002 |
| Employed (%) | 80.1 (1.5) | 84.5 (2) | 0.0824 | 54.9 (1.6) | 53.9 (2.2) | 0.7173 |
| Glaucoma FHx (%) | 2.5 (0.5) | 2.1 (0.7) | 0.6504 | 2.5 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.5) | 0.1624 |
| Sun exposure | 0.6761 | 0.8443 | ||||
| <2 h | 55.3 (2.1) | 54.4 (2.2) | 70.9 (1.5) | 69.6 (2.5) | ||
| 2 to 5 h | 28.5 (1.7) | 27.6 (2) | 20.5 (1.2) | 21.2 (2) | ||
| ≥5 h | 16.1 (1.6) | 18 (1.8) | 8.6 (1.2) | 9.2 (1.5) | ||
| Post menopause (%) | 26.5 (1.5) | 42.5 (2.7) | <.0001 | |||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
Abbreviations: BMI = Body Mass Index, WC = Waist circumference, IOP = Intraocular pressure, FBS = Fasting Blood Sugar, TG = Triglycerides, TC = Total Cholesterol, HOMA-IR = Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, HDL = High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL = Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, FHx = Family History.