Table 1.
Phenotypic traits measured in 142 Miscanthus sinensis genotypes
| Traita | Definition | QSTb | Geo(r)c | PC1 (P value)d | PC2 (P value)e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenology | |||||
| DOYFS1.9 | Date of flowering stage 1: day of year when the first flag leaf emerged | 0.24 | Alt (−0.66) | 0.42 (< 0.001) | 0.19 (0.039) |
| AvgeSen.9 | Average senescence score (0–10) throughout the growing season | 0.04 | Lat (0.46) | −0.19 (0.024) | 0.03 (0.752) |
| Morphology/biomass | |||||
| BaseDiameter.9 | Largest plant diameter measured at ground level (mm) | 0.03 | Long (0.18) | −0.09 (0.285) | −0.30 (< 0.001) |
| DryMatter.9 | Estimated total dry weight (g) | 0.01 | Alt (−0.20) | −0.09 (0.295) | −0.06 (0.497) |
| LeafLength.7 | Ligule-to-tip length along the central vein of the youngest leaf with a ligule (cm) | 0.34 | Alt (−0.59) | 0.46 (< 0.001) | 0.21 (0.013) |
| LeafWidth.7 | Blade width at half-leaf length for the leaf used to measure LeafLength (cm) | 0.00 | Lat (−0.21) | 0.09 (0.270) | −0.27 (0.001) |
| MaxCanopyHeight.9 | Height from the ground to the point of ‘inflection’ of the majority of leaves (cm) | 0.18 | Lat (−0.23) | −0.29 (0.001) | −0.03 (0.729) |
| Moisture.9 | Estimated moisture content based on a subsample (%) | 0.34 | Alt (−0.66) | 0.49 (< 0.001) | 0.01 (0.946) |
| StatureCategory.7 | Additive combination of StatureLeafAngle and StatureStemAngle | 0.02 | Long (0.37) | −0.19 (0.030) | −0.16 (0.054) |
| StatureLeafAngle.7 | Three-category score reflecting leaf angle relative to the vertical | 0.06 | Alt (0.19) | −0.16 (0.059) | 0.18 (0.035) |
| StatureStemAngle.7 | Four-category score reflecting stem angle relative to the vertical | 0.00 | Long (0.36) | −0.15 (0.081) | −0.20 (0.017) |
| StemDiameter.9 | Diameter 10–15 cm from the ground of a randomly chosen stem (mm) | 0.00 | Alt (−0.25) | 0.08 (0.375) | −0.08 (0.332) |
| TallestStem.9 | Length of the tallest stem (cm) | 0.46 | Alt (0.57) | −0.53 (< 0.001) | −0.08 (0.361) |
| TransectCount.9 | Number of stems with ≥ 50% canopy height across the middle of the plant | 0.00 | Lat (0.19) | 0.08 (0.370) | 0.02 (0.787) |
| Cell wall composition | |||||
| Cellulose.8 | Gravimetrically measured cellulose content (% dry weight) | 0.23 | Alt (0.54) | −0.41 (< 0.001) | 0.02 (0.793) |
| Hemicellulose.8 | Gravimetrically measured hemicellulose content (% dry weight) | 0.06 | Long (0.22) | −0.21 (0.015) | 0.13 (0.117) |
| Lignin.8 | Gravimetrically measured lignin content (% dry weight) | 0.00 | Long (−0.17) | 0.00 (0.959) | 0.03 (0.770) |
Trait, phenotypic traits measured in 2007 (.7), 2008 (.8) or 2009 (.9) (i.e. after two, three or four growing seasons, respectively). Detailed phenotyping protocols have been described by Slavov et al. (2013b).
QST, genetic differentiation between ‘Continent’ and ‘Japan’ subpopulations. Values exceeding the empirical 95th percentile of putatively neutral differentiation (i.e. FST = 0.23) are shown in bold (Slavov et al., 2013b).
Geo(r), geographical coordinate with strongest correlation and Pearson's correlation coefficient (Slavov et al., 2013b). Values with two-sided P < 0.05 are shown in bold.
PC1 (P value), Pearson's correlation with the first eigenvector of population structure (Fig.1) and two-sided P value. Values with two-sided P < 0.05 are shown in bold.
PC2 (P value), Pearson's correlation with the second eigenvector of population structure (Fig.1) and two-sided P value. Values with two-sided P < 0.05 are shown in bold.