Table 3.
Markers with significant phenotypic associations (false discovery rate < 0.05) in 138 Miscanthus sinensis genotypes
| Chromosomea | Positionb | Pc | Qd | MAFe | PVEf | Traitg | Geneh | Description/annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 776 666 | 3.31E-06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.12 | TallestStem.9 | Sb01g004700 | ATVAMP725 |
| 1 | 3 789 996 | 2.98E-06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.13 | TallestStem.9 | Sb01g004720 | Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family |
| 1 | 68 013 320 | 3.38E-06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.12 | TallestStem.9 | Sb01g044850 | Unknown protein |
| 2 | 67 477 249 | 1.14E-06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.16 | StatureStemAngle.7 | Sb02g032850 | Unknown protein |
| 2 | 67 477 259 | 1.14E-06 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.16 | StatureStemAngle.7 | Sb02g032850 | Unknown protein |
| 3 | 8 793 225 | 6.38E-07i,j,k | 0.03 | 0.49 | 0.18 | LeafLength.7 | Sb03g008300 | DNA binding/protein dimerization |
| 3 | 65 293 238 | 2.79E-06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | AvgeSen.9 | Sb03g037310 | ATCDPMEK |
| 3 | 65 293 239 | 2.79E-06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | AvgeSen.9 | Sb03g037310 | ATCDPMEK |
| 4 | 4 150 586 | 1.57E-06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.18 | LeafLength.7 | NA | NA |
| 6 | 50 249 485 | 3.35E-06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.16 | TallestStem.9 | Sb06g020830 | Protein kinase family protein |
| 6 | 54 211 630 | 8.64E-07i,j,k | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.15 | Lignin.8 | Sb06g025250 | Serine-type endopeptidase/serine-type peptidase |
| 6 | 58 247 799 | 5.66E-07i,j | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.25 | AvgeSen.9 | Sb06g029670 | ATP binding/protein kinase/protein serine/threonine kinase/protein tyrosine kinase/sugar binding |
| 9 | 24 591 741 | 1.84E-06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.26 | AvgeSen.9 | NA | NA |
| 9 | 46 480 666 | 4.07E-06 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 0.02 | AvgeSen.9 | Sb09g018620 | Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein |
| 10 | 49 962 793 | 4.90E-07i,k | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.21 | AvgeSen.9 | Sb10g022360 | Unknown protein |
| 10 | 55 336 585 | 3.14E-06j | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.12 | TallestStem.9 | Sb10g026010 | UBP19; cysteine-type endopeptidase/ubiquitin thiolesterase |
| 10 | 59 574 096 | 1.50E-06j | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.19 | TallestStem.9 | Sb10g029835 | Unknown protein |
Associations with Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance (α = 0.05) are shown in bold. Only results for markers detected from alignments to the Sorghum bicolor genome are shown.
Chromosome, Sorghum bicolor chromosome to which the marker was aligned.
Position, Sorghum bicolor chromosome position to which the marker was aligned.
P,P value from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis using the efficient mixed-model association expedited approach (EMMAX), including the kinship matrix and the first two eigenvectors of population structure (see the Materials and Methods section).
Q, false discovery rate calculated using the q-value R package (Dabney & Storey, 2013).
MAF, minor allele frequency.
PVE, naïve estimate of the proportion of variance explained based on simple linear regression (see the Materials and Methods section).
Trait, phenotypic trait as defined in Table 1.
Gene, Sorghum bicolor gene to which the marker was aligned.
Significant at genome-wide α = 0.05 after Bonferroni correction based on EMMAX analyses (see the Materials and Methods section).
Included in the optimal model according to the multiple Bonferroni criterion in multi-locus mixed-model (MLMM) analyses (see the Materials and Methods section).
Included in the optimal model according to the multiple Bonferroni criterion in MLMM analyses including the first two eigenvectors of population structure (see the Materials and Methods section).
NA, not applicable (markers aligning to putatively intergenic positions).