Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| All Patients (n = 72) | HGS <25% BW (n = 16) | HGS ≥25% BW (n = 56) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 64 (89) | 12 (75) | 52 (93) | |
| Age (y) | 59 ± 2 | 61 ± 3 | 59 ± 2 | .673 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 ± 1 | 30 ± 2 | 28 ± 1 | .289 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 85 ± 2 | 88 ± 4 | 84 ± 2 | .401 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 104 ± 2 | 104 ± 3 | 104 ± 2 | .935 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 65 ± 1 | 68 ± 5 | 64 ± 2 | .149 |
| New York | .061 | |||
| Heart Failure class (no. (%)) | ||||
| I | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| III | 20 (28) | 3 (19) | 17 (30) | |
| IV | 51 (71) | 13 (81) | 38 (68) | |
| Etiology of heart failure (no. (%)) | .479 | |||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 32 (44) | 5 (31) | 21 (38) | |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 33 (46) | 9 (56) | 30 (54) | |
| Other | 7 (10) | 2 (13) | 5 (9) | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 17.9 ± 0.6 | 20.3 ± 1.5 | 17.3 ± 0.6 | .037 |
| Years with HF (y) | 9.9 ± 1.0 | 10.8 ± 2.8 | 9.7 ± 1.1 | .662 |
| Preoperative MCS (no. (%)) | 22 (31) | 7 (44) | 15 (27) | .194 |
| Lietz-Miller score | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 8.2 ± 0.5 | .546 |
| Medications | .503 | |||
| Diuretics | 60 (83) | 14 (88) | 46 (82) | |
| Inotropes | 60 (83) | 13 (81) | 47 (84) | |
| β-blocker | 58 (81) | 13 (81) | 45 (80) | |
| ACE/ARBs | 37 (51) | 7 (44) | 30 (54) | |
| Aspirin | 35 (49) | 9 (56) | 26 (46) | |
| Coumadin | 35 (49) | 8 (50) | 27 (48) | |
| Statins | 34 (47) | 10 (63) | 24 (43) | |
| Digoxin | 29 (40) | 6 (38) | 23 (41) | |
| Vasodilators | 5 (7) | 1 (6) | 4 (7) | |
| Functional assessment | ||||
| HGS (dominant) | 29 ± 1 | 18 ± 2 | 32 ± 1 | <.0001 |
| HGS (nondominant) | 28 ± 1 | 18 ± 2 | 31 ± 1 | <.0001 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BTT, bridge to transplantation; BW, body weight; CAD, coronary artery disease; HGS, handgrip strength; ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MCS, mechanical circulatory support.
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables as number, %.