. 2015 Jan;28(1):32–53. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00011-14

TABLE 6.

Sapovirus positive rates in gastroenteritis patients from 13 studies that detected more than 30 strains during the study period

Country	Study period	Age (yr)	Sapovirus positive rate, % (no. positive/total)	Screening method	Genogroup^g	Positive rate (%) for other viral pathogens	Reference(s)
UK	1979-1981	Unknown	6.6 (39/592)	EM	NA^h	NA	89
Kenya	1991-1994	≤6	2.2 (32/1431)	ELISA	NA	NA	132
Finland	1993-1995	<2	9.3 (72/775)	Nested RT-PCR^a	NA	Rotavirus, 23.0; norovirus, 20.2; astrovirus, 8.8; adenovirus, 6.3	185
UK	1993-1996	All	3.8 (92/2422)	RT-PCR^b	NA	Norovirus, 36.0; rotavirus, 31.3	218
Netherlands	1998-1999	All	6.3 (43/687)	RT-PCR^b	NA	Norovirus, 16.1; rotavirus, 7.3; adenovirus, 3.8; astrovirus, 2.0	216
Japan	1998-2005	All	9.3 (195/2100)	Nested RT-PCR^c	GI, GII, GIV, GV	NA	126, 165
Japan	2002-2007	All	12.7 (81/639)	RT-PCR^d	GI, GII, GIV, GV	Norovirus, 40.7; rotavirus, 7.7; adenovirus, 3.0; enterovirus, 2.0; astrovirus, 1.4	101
Japan	2002-2009	≤15	3.7 (146/3895)	RT-PCR^e	GI, GII, GIV	NA	102, 220 –224
Denmark	2005-2007	≤3	8.8 (97/1104)	qRT-PCR^f	GI, GII, GV	NA	225
UK	2006-2007	<5	12.7 (74/583)	RT-PCR^b	NA	Norovirus, 24.5; rotavirus, 19.0	219
USA	2008-2009	<5	5.4 (42/782)	qRT-PCR^f	NA	Norovirus, 21.4; rotavirus, 18.0; adenovirus, 11.8; astrovirus, 4.9	215
UK	2008-2009	All	8.8 (77/874)	qRT-PCR^f	NA	Norovirus, 12.4; rotavirus, 7.3; adenovirus, 3.4; astrovirus, 2.5	226
Canada	2008-2009	All	4.2 (107/2486)	qRT-PCR^f	NA	Norovirus, 17.6; rotavirus, 6.8; astrovirus, 2.0; adenovirus, 1.4	131

First, Sapp36/SLV-r-c; second, S1,S2,S3-Sapp-rc (148).

SR80-JV33 (147).

First, F11/R1 or F13,14,R13,14; second, F21/R2 or F22/R2 (126, 165).

SaV1F, -1,2,4F, -5F, -1245R (86, 101).

SLV5317-5749 (163).

SaV1F, -1,2,4F, -5F, -1245R, and SaV124TP, SaV5TP (86).

Genogroups were determined based on partial VP1 region sequences.

NA, not available.