Table 1.
Summary of extra-intestinal disorders associated with gut microbiota
| Extra-intestinal disorders | Ref. | Publication year | Study type |
| Metabolic diseases | |||
| Metabolic syndrome | Vrieze et al[61] | 2012 | RCT1 |
| Obesity | Turnbaugh et al[54] | 2009 | Observational study |
| Armougom et al[56] | 2009 | Observational study | |
| Schwiertz et al[55] | 2010 | Observational study | |
| Greenblum et al[53] | 2012 | Observational study | |
| Parks et al[52] | 2013 | Experimental study | |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Qin et al[59] | 2012 | Observational study |
| Cardiovascular diseases | Wang et al[62] | 2011 | Experimental study |
| Tang et al[65] | 2013 | Experimental study | |
| Koeth et al[66] | 2013 | Experimental study | |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver | Rabot et al[73] | 2010 | Experimental study |
| Le Roy et al[68] | 2013 | Experimental study1 | |
| Neuropsychiatric disorders | |||
| Parkinson’s disease | Ananthaswamy[74] | 2011 | Case report1 |
| Multiple sclerosis | Borody et al[76] | 2011 | Case report1 |
| Myoclonus dystonia | Borody et al[78] | 2011 | Case report1 |
| Autism | Finegold et al[79] | 2002 | Observational study |
| Song et al[82] | 2004 | Observational study | |
| Chronic fatigue syndrome | Borody et al[84] | 2012 | Cohort study1 |
| Frémont et al[83] | 2013 | Observational study | |
| Autoimmune disorders | |||
| ITP | Borody et al[85] | 2011 | Case report1 |
| Arthritis | Scher et al[88] | 2013 | Observational study |
| Abdollahi-Roodsaz et al[86] | 2014 | Experimental study | |
| SS and SLE | Szymula et al[91] | 2014 | Experimental study |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | Corapçioğlu et al[93] | 2002 | Observational study |
| Strieder et al[92] | 2003 | Observational study | |
| Sasso et al[96] | 2004 | Observational study | |
| Effraimidis et al[95] | 2011 | Observational study | |
| Allergic disorders | |||
| Atopy | Dotterud et al[107] | 2010 | RCT |
| Herbst et al[101] | 2011 | Experimental study | |
| Schabussova et al[105] | 2012 | Experimental study | |
| Asthma | Jang et al[104] | 2012 | Experimental study |
| Stensballe et al[102] | 2013 | Observational study | |
| Extra-intestinal tumors | Gold et al[15] | 2004 | Observational study |
| Mammary tumors | Rao et al[111] | 2006 | Experimental study |
| Rao et al[112] | 2006 | Experimental study | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Fox et al[114] | 2010 | Experimental study |
| Lymphoma | Yamamoto et al[115] | 2013 | Experimental study |
1
Fecal microbiota transplantation used in these studies. RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ITP: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; SS: Sjögren's syndrome; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus.