Table 4.

Associations of urine α1-microglobulin with kidney function decline and mortality in HIV-infected women.

	Incident CKD			10% Decline in eGFRCys			All-Cause Mortality
	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3	C1	C2	C3
Range of α1m/cr (mg/g)	—	1.2–10.2	>10.2	—	1.2–10.2	>10.2	—	1.2–10.2	>10.2
No. at risk	343	262	214	358	272	273	358	272	273
No. events	48	50	79	9	17	35	29	36	63
		Risk Ratio (95% CI)	Risk Ratio (95% CI)		Risk Ratio (95% CI)	Risk Ratio (95% CI)		Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
Demographic adjusteda	Reference	1.35 (0.58 to 3.14)	3.56 (2.16 to 5.88)	Reference	2.53 (1.14 to 5.64)	4.53 (2.21 to 9.28)	Reference	1.60 (0.98 to 2.63)	2.66 (1.70 to 4.17)
Multivariate adjustedb	—	1.31 (0.62 to 2.74)	2.36 (1.42 to 3.92)	—	2.21 (1.01 to 4.84)	2.99 (1.42 to 6.29)	—	1.47 (0.89 to 2.44)	1.69 (1.06 to 2.69)
Adjusted+ACRc	—	1.34 (0.66 to 2.72)	2.08 (1.28 to 3.38)	—	2.38 (1.11 to 5.12)	2.70 (1.23 to 5.92)	—	1.50 (0.91 to 2.49)	1.61 (1.00 to 2.59)
Adjusted+ACR, IL-18, KIM-1, NGALd	—	1.13 (0.65 to 1.98)	1.87 (1.23 to 2.84)	—	2.68 (1.26 to 5.72)	2.76 (1.28 to 5.98)	—	1.65 (0.98 to 2.76)	1.73 (1.07 to 2.82)

Standardized to urine creatinine and stratified by categories. Category 1 comprises all participants with undetectable urine α1-microglobulin. All analyses use category 1 as the reference category. eGFR_Cys, cystatin C-based eGFR; C1, category 1; C2, category 2; C3, category 3; α1m/cr, α1–microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.

^aAdjusted for age and race.

^bAdjusted for age, race, baseline eGFR_Cys, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis C virus infection, HIV viral load, CD4 lymphocyte count, antiretroviral therapy use, and serum albumin.

^cAdjusted for all covariates listed above with the addition of ACR.

^dAdjusted for all covariates listed above with the addition of ACR, IL-18, KIM-1, NGAL, and liver fatty acid binding protein.