Associations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with mortality and hospitalizations among Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study participants not receiving secondary hyperparathyroidism treatment during the first 1 year of study observation. Adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, albumin, hemoglobin, calcium, and phosphorus. Outcomes are in relationship to the patient’s first reported PTH after 1 year of study observation without prescription for PTH-controlling medications. Mortality: 5387 patients, 1061 deaths. Hospitalization: 5381 patients, 2258 hospitalizations.