Table 1.
Top five pathogens causing IAIs in selected Asian and Western countries.
| Country | Rank |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Asia–Pacific [10] (N = 2189 isolates) |
E. coli (48.5%) (ESBL+ = 19.8%; ESBL− = 28.7%) |
K. pneumoniae (20.2%) (ESBL+ = 4.3%; ESBL− = 15.9%) |
P. aeruginosa (10.5%) | A. baumannii (5.0%) | E. cloacae (4.6%) |
| China [7] (N = 3420 isolates) |
E. coli (49.2%) (ESBL+ = 25.8%; ESBL− = 23.4%) |
K. pneumoniae (16.9%) (ESBL+ = 5.6%; ESBL− = 11.3%) |
P. aeruginosa (8.4%) | E. cloacae (5.8%) | A. baumannii (4.6%) |
| Indonesiaa | E. coli (20.4%) | K. pneumoniae (13.3%) | S. aureus (10.9%) | P. aeruginosa (8.4%) | S. haemolyticus (7.1%) |
| Singapore [11,12] | E. coli (20–25%) | K. pneumoniae | Pseudomonas spp | Bacteroides spp | Enterococcus spp |
| Thailand [13] (N = 1305 isolates) |
E. coli (36%) | K. pneumoniae (12%) | P. aeruginosa (8%) | A. baumannii (4%) | Enterococcus spp (3%) |
| Taiwan [14] (N = 2417 isolates) |
E. coli (38.8%) | K. pneumoniae (23.5%) | P. aeruginosa (9.3%) | E. cloacae (6.1%) | A. baumannii (3.8%) |
| India [15] (N = 542 isolates) |
E. coli (62.7%) | K. pneumoniae (16.6%) | P. aeruginosa (5.4%) | C. freundii (2.2%) | A. baumannii (2.0%) |
| Philippines [16]b (N = 77 patients) |
E. coli (35%) | K. pneumoniae (15%) | P. aeruginosa (14%) | E. cloacae (6%) | A. baumannii (5%) |
| Korea [17]b (N = 256 isolates) |
E. coli (22.1%) | P. aeruginosa (15.7%) | Enterococcus spp (15.2%) | Enterobacter spp (12.5%) | K. pneumoniae (11.4%) |
| USA [9] (N = 1522 isolates) |
E. coli (43.4%) (ESBL+ = 4.8%) |
K. pneumoniae (15.1%) (ESBL+ = 9.5%) |
P. aeruginosa (14.3%) | E. cloacae (7.4%) | P. mirabilis (3.5%) |
| Europe [9] (N = 7844 isolates) |
E. coli (51.6%) (ESBL+ = 8.0%) |
K. pneumoniae (9.7%) (ESBL+ = 16.2%) |
P. aeruginosa (8.0%) | E. cloacae (6.2%) | P. mirabilis (4.7%) |
a
Single-institution data from appendicitis cases in Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia (Usman N, unpublished data, 2012).
b
Data from single-center study of bile cultures from cholangitis cases.