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. 2014 Aug 7;3(3):85–91. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2014.06.005

Table 5.

Common pathogens involved in acute cholangitis.

Community acquired
 Hospital acquired
Aerobes Anaerobes
Gram negativeEscherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter spp
Citrobacter spp
Pseudomonas spp
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi 		Gram positiveStreptococcus spp
Enterococcus faecalis 		Clostridium spp
Bacteroides spp Proteus spp		 MDR ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp in the community
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Acinetobacter baumannii

MDR, multi-drug resistant; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.