Table 1. Characteristics of the methods for endoscopic lung volume reduction.
Technique | Indication | Dependent on collateral ventilation | Reversibility | Mechanism of action | Principal complications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valve implantation | Predominantly upper- or lower-lobe emphysema | Yes | Fully reversible | Occlusion of the pulmonary lobe destroyed by emphysema | Pneumothorax |
Coil implantation | Predominantly upper- or lower-lobe emphysema | No | Partially reversible within 4 weeks | Torquing of the bronchi | Hemoptysis. COPD exacerbations |
Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation | Predominantly upper-lobe emphysema | No | Irreversible | Inflammatory reaction | Local and systemic inflammatory reaction |
COPD. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease