Table 1. Characteristics of the methods for endoscopic lung volume reduction.

Technique	Indication	Dependent on collateral ventilation	Reversibility	Mechanism of action	Principal complications
Valve implantation	Predominantly upper- or lower-lobe emphysema	Yes	Fully reversible	Occlusion of the pulmonary lobe destroyed by emphysema	Pneumothorax
Coil implantation	Predominantly upper- or lower-lobe emphysema	No	Partially reversible within 4 weeks	Torquing of the bronchi	Hemoptysis. COPD exacerbations
Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation	Predominantly upper-lobe emphysema	No	Irreversible	Inflammatory reaction	Local and systemic inflammatory reaction

COPD. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease