Indocyanine-green |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
810 |
<2 |
CarbonNanotube, PEG, PEBBLEs |
PAT, in tissue phantoms and in vivo
|
[7,16,17,18,19] |
Methylene blue |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
650–700 |
<2 |
|
PAT, in tissue phantoms |
[15] |
Alexa Fluor 750 |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
750 |
<2 |
|
Multispectral PAI, in vivo
|
[8,9] |
IRDye800CW |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
750–800 |
<2 |
NPR-1 |
PAS, in vivo
|
[13] |
IRDye800-c(KRGDf) |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
750–790 |
<2 |
Integral proteinαvβ3 |
PAS, in vivo
|
[20] |
Evans Blue |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
550 |
<2 |
|
PAT, in vivo
|
[10] |
PPCy-C8 |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
754–789 |
<2 |
Perfluorocarbon |
In vivo, dual-modality PAI-FI |
[21] |
Cypate-C18 |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
754–790 |
<2 |
Perfluorocarbon |
In vivo, dual-modality PAI-FI |
[21] |
Caspase-9 Probe |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
640 |
<2 |
|
PAI, in vivo
|
[11] |
MMPSence™ 680 |
NIR Fluorescent Dye |
620, 680 |
<2 |
|
PAI, in tissue phantoms |
[14] |
BHQ3 |
Quencher |
672 |
<2 |
|
PAI, in vitro
|
[12] |
QXL680 |
Quencher |
680 |
<2 |
|
PAI, in vitro
|
[12] |
Au Nanospheres |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
520–550 |
20–80 |
PEG |
PAT, in vivo
|
[22,23] |
Au Nanoshells |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
700–1100 |
50–500 |
PEG |
PAT, in vivo
|
[24,25] |
Au Nanorods |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
550–1550 |
a few to hundreds of |
HER2, EGFR |
PAI, in vitro
|
[26,27,28] |
Au Nanocages |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle/Theranostic Contrast Agent |
820 |
25 |
|
PAT, in vivo, photothermal therapy |
[29,30,31] |
Au Nanoclusters |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
500–550 |
100 |
|
PAI, in vitro
|
[32,33] |
Au Nanostars |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
767 |
120 |
|
PAT, in vivo
|
[34,35] |
Au Nanobeacons |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
520 |
150 |
αvβ3
|
PAT, in vivo
|
[36,37] |
Ag Nanoplates |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle |
550–1080 |
25–218 |
a-EGFR, PEG |
PAI, in vivo
|
[38] |
Ag Nanosystems |
Plasmonic Noble Metal Nanoparticle/Theranostic Contrast Agent |
400–500 |
180–520 |
|
PAI, ex vivo; image-guided therapy |
[39] |
Quantum dots |
Nanoparticles Based On Other Principles |
400–750 |
<10 |
|
PAT, in vivo: Triple-modality PA-PT-Fluorescent |
[40] |
Nanodiamond |
Nanoparticles Based On Other Principles |
820 |
68.7 |
|
PAI, in vivo
|
[41] |
Polypyrrole Nanoparticles |
Nanoparticles Based On Other Principles |
700–900 |
46 |
|
PAI, in vivo
|
[42] |
Copper Sulfide |
Nanoparticles Based On Other Principles |
900 |
11 ± 3 |
|
PAI, in vivo
|
[43] |
Graphene Nanosheets |
Nanoparticles Based On Other Principles |
200–900 |
10 |
|
PAI, in vitro
|
[44] |
Iron Oxide-gold Core-shell |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
660–900 |
1–5 |
|
Triple-modality MRI-PAI-mmPA |
[45] |
Gd2O3
|
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
|
100 |
DEG, gelatin |
In vivo, dual-modality PAT-MRI |
[46] |
Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
785 |
5–8 |
Protamine, PEG |
In vivo, Triple-modality Raman- MRI-PAI |
[47] |
Dye-loaded Perfluorocarbon-based Nanoparticles |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
750–800 |
220 ± 11 |
cypate-C18, PPCy-C8,PEG2000, phosphatidylethanolamine |
In vivo, dual-modality PAI-FI |
[21] |
AuMBs |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
760 |
100–1000 |
HAS |
Dual-modality PAI-UI |
[48] |
Triggered Nanodroplets |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
750–800 |
300 |
Perfluorocarbon |
In tissue phantoms and in vivo, dual-modality PAT-UI |
[49] |
Cobalt Nanowontons |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
700 |
30–90 |
|
Dual-modality MRI-PAT |
[50] |
Nanoroses |
Multimodality Contrast Agent |
700–850 |
30 |
|
PAI, in vitro
|
[51] |
MPRs |
Theranostic/Multimodality Contrast Agent |
532 |
120 |
maleimide-DOTA-Gd |
In vivo, triple-modality MRI-API-Raman; image-guided surgery |
[52] |
Goldsilica Core shell Nanorods |
Theranostic Contrast Agent |
780 |
10.3 ± 1.1 |
PEG |
PAI, in vitro
|
[53,54] |
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) |
Theranostic Contrast Agent |
500–780 |
80–150 |
|
PAI, ex vivo
|
[55] |