Table 2.
Cultivar | GMO | Analyte | CE Mode | Detection | CE Conditions | Sample Treatment | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maize | Bt resistant (Bt11) | Zein fraction | CZE | UV | BGE: 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 3 containing 60% v:v ethanol; polyacrylamide coated capillary, 40 cm × 50 µm; voltage, 20 kV; temperature, 25 °C; injection, 0.5 psi × 10 s | Extraction with 70% v:v ethanol with 2% v:v β-mercaptoethanol | [38] |
Maize | Bt resistant (Bt11) | Albumin and globulin fraction | CZE | UV | BGE: 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 3 containing 60% v:v ethanol; capillary, 40 cm × 50 µm; voltage, 20 kV; temperature, 25 °C; injection, 0.5 psi × 10 s | Albumin fraction: extraction with water and ultrafiltration (3 KDa cut off). Globulin fraction: extraction with 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.8) containing 50 mM KCl and 5 mM EDTA and ultrafiltration (3 KDa cut off) | [38] |
Maize | Bt resistant (Bt11) | Protein water/ACN (75/25, v/v) fractions | EKC | UV | BGE: 80 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 containing 5% ACN and 0.01% DAB dendrimer; capillary, 40 cm × 50 µm; voltage, 10 kV; temperature, 25 °C; injection, 3.4 KPa × 5 s | Extraction with water/ACN (75:25, v:v) +s0.3% acetic acid | [39] |
Maize | Bt resistant | Water soluble protein fraction | CZE | UV | BGE: 100 mM H3PO4, 50 mM Tris pH 2.25 or 200 mM iminodiacetic acid pH 2.26: capillary, 20 cm × 50 µm; voltage, 10 kV; temperature, r.t.; injection, 1.2 KPa × 22 s | Extraction with water | [40] |
Maize | Bt resistant | Trypsin digested water soluble protein fraction | CZE | UV | BGE: 200 mM iminodiacetic acid pH 2.26; capillary, 20 cm × 50 µm; voltage, 10 kV; temperature, r.t.; injection, 12 mbar × 12 s | Extraction with water and trypsin digestion | [41] |
Soybean | Glyphosate resistant (SB10) | Trypsin digested water/ACN (80/20, v/v) protein fractions | CZE | ESI-MS (+) | BGE: 0.5 M formic acid; capillary, 90 cm × 50 µm; voltage, 25 kV; temperature, 25 °C; injection, 0.5 psi × 20 s | Extraction with water/ACN (80:20, v:v) and trypsin digestion | [42] |
r.t.: room temperature.